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Fig. 1. Bavarian Forest National Park location map. (a) The Bavarian Forest National Park is situated 150 km northeast of Munich. (b) The Park is divided into two parts: (i) the unmanaged "old part" (Rachel-Lusen area), and (ii) the managed expansion area (Falkenstein-Rachel area). Five investigation plots are located in the east part of the Rachel-Lusen area, and one plot in the northwest of the Falkenstein-Rachel area. (c) In the old part of the park, 85% of the trees died after the dieback and 17% of trees in the slopes and lowlands. In a buffer zone infested trees were cut.
