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EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES

This Issue in Journal of Environmental Quality

	Organic Pollutants in Compost Reviewed

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

	Management Decisions and Actual Outcomes Differ

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
The outcomes of decisions in applying manure are assumed to occur as nutrient management plans intend. Cabot and Nowak (761–773) explore how the viability of this assumption can influence the validity of the management rating for P loss risk assessments. The discrepancy between planned vs. actual outcomes in P management was explored through soil testing of 210 fields on nine animal feeding operations in south-central Wisconsin. Correlation analysis indicated that P loss risk assessments were strongly influenced by ratings assigned to manure application decisions. The statistical distribution of mean soil test P levels across all fields was more homogenous than the distribution of P loss index ratings for these fields. Interviews with producers suggested that reasons for divergence between planned and actual outcomes in managing P arise at the strategic, tactical, and operational levels of decision-making.

	Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse Gas Emissions

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Phosphogypsum (PG) can be used to amend cattle feedlot manure, thereby increasing N retention by reducing cattle manure pH during composting. Hao et al. (774–781) found that adding PG to cattle feedlot manure had no effect on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emission during composting of amended cattle manure, but methane emission was drastically reduced, resulting in an overall greenhouse gas emission reduction of at least 58%.

	Mountain Willow Survives Toxic Mine Tailing

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Tailing material from historic mining activities has been fluvially deposited in the riparian zone of the upper Arkansas River near Leadville, CO. These tailing deposits are devoid of vegetation and continually erode into the river, reducing water quality. Bourret et al. (782–792) found that growth of mountain willow was superior to Geyer willow when both species were planted in mine tailings amended with lime and biosolids. Potentially phytotoxic levels of Cd, Mn, and Zn in the leaf tissue and phytotoxic levels of Cu and Cd in the tailing had little effect on growth of mountain willow. In addition, mountain willow responded more favorably when grown with the water table maintained at three static depths or fluctuating over time, although both species were negatively influenced to some degree by the fluctuating water table treatment. Results suggest mountain willow should be considered for use in future revegetation projects to stabilize stream banks and reduce surface water contamination, thereby improving critical habitat for wildlife.

	Corn Herbicides in Ground Water

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
In addition to their potential to reach surface water, herbicides used in producing corn can leach into shallow ground water. In parallel with a companion surface water study, de Guzman et al. (793–803) report on a 175-site, 7-yr ground water monitoring program for the same analytes. Parent acetochlor was detected more than 0.1 µg L^–1 in three or more samples at seven of the wells. Alachlor and metolachlor were also rarely detected, but atrazine was detected at 101 locations. The geographic distribution of detections did not follow the pattern originally expected when the study began. Rather than being a function primarily of soil texture, detecting these herbicides in shallow ground water was related to site-specific factors associated with local topography, the occurrence of surface water drainage features, irrigation practices, and the vertical positioning of the well screen.

	Source Identification of Nitrate Contamination in Ground Water

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Agricultural sites usually have several N sources, so it is not easy to identify the major source of ground water contamination using only chemical indicators. Jun et al. (804–815) present a study combining hydrological and isotopic analyses to identify N contamination sources. The results at the study site show that ground water recharge usually occurred in spring and summer through precipitation. In spring, however, irrigation water was the major recharge source near rice fields. Nitrogen inputs were mostly related to ground water recharge from precipitation and irrigation, except in some isolated areas where sewage from a poultry farm entered the ground water system.

	Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic Metals from Sewage Sludge

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Toxic metals can be removed from wastewater sewage sludge through microbial processes involving Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Drogui et al. (816–824) report that sewage sludge filtrate can be used as culture medium to biologically produce a concentrated ferric sulfate solution. Subsequently, that ferric sulfate solution can be used as oxidant reagent to solubilize heavy metals from primary and/or secondary sewage sludges. The cost of treating wastewater sewage sludge by bioproducing a ferric ion solution from sewage sludge is much less expensive than the conventional chemical leaching requiring a ferric chloride solution.

	CFC Age-Dates Produce a 90-Year Stream Nitrate Record

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Few watersheds have a long enough water quality record to explore the lagged relationships between land management practices and water quality trajectories in baseflow-dominated streams. Browne and Guldan (825–835) use a longitudinal synoptic survey of age-dates and water quality in ground water seepage along the meander thalweg of a central Wisconsin stream to (i) accurately reconstruct historical stream nitrate records (1960–2000) and (ii) project future effects of land management decisions on baseflow water quality (2000–2050). The paper provides theoretical and practical approaches for backcasting and forecasting stream water quality from contemporary ground water seepage measurements.

	Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Pyrethroid insecticides are strongly adsorbing compounds, and their distribution is mediated by particle transport. Gan et al. (836–841) discovered that along a runoff path, pyrethroids in the sediment phase became increasingly enriched, suggesting that the runoff caused selective transport of chemical-rich fine particles. This study suggests that fine particles are the most important carrier for pyrethroids during runoff. Risk assessment and mitigation should focus on the role of fine particles.

	Natural Organic Matter Displays Polymer-Like Behavior

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Natural organic matter (NOM) can display polymer-like glass transition behavior. DeLapp et al. (842–853) report glass transition behavior for a series of NOM fractions derived from the same whole aquatic or terrestrial source, including humic acid–, fulvic acid–, and carbohydrate-based NOMs, and a terrestrial humin. Advanced thermal analysis revealed thermal transitions (T_t) ranging from –87°C for a terrestrial carbohydrate fraction to 62°C for the humin fraction. This suggests soil and sediment organic matter may undergo significant physicochemical changes as a function or temperature, subsequently modifying their ability to sorb and desorb organic compounds in the environment.

	Testosterone is Very Labile in Agricultural Soil

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Testosterone naturally excreted by livestock or poultry can pose an environmental risk through endocrine disruption of wildlife. Lorenzen et al. (854–860) report that testosterone is rapidly biodegraded in agricultural soils. Steroidal transformation products accumulated transiently, but these showed generally lower steroidal activity. Overall, the rapid breakdown of testosterone in soil should attenuate the movement of this hormone to adjacent water.

	Hormone Persistence in Organic-Amended Soils

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Natural androgenic and estrogenic hormones that reach agricultural land in animal or human wastes can pose a threat to adjacent wildlife through endocrine disruption. Jacobsen et al. (861–871) show that manures and biosolids can influence the kinetics and pathways of hormone dissipation in agricultural soils. Microorganisms carried in these materials hastened the conversion of testosterone and estradiol to less hormonally potent steroidal transformation products, and these were then mineralized by microorganisms in the soil.

	Modeling Manure Loss during Rainfall

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Modeling the release of total dissolved P from manure is a critical step for nonpoint-source pollution models. Gérard-Marchant et al. (872–876) developed two simple kinetic models of the release of P from manure during a rainfall event. The two models require knowledge of only two readily available parameters: the initial content of water-extractable P in manure and a characteristic time. Each model was compared with previously published experimental data, and both gave excellent agreement with observations. These models deviate from approaches that are currently used in W.G. modeling and constitute a first attempt at a physically realistic description of nutrient leaching from annual fertilizers.

	Corn Herbicides in Surface Water

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Each spring in the United States more than 50 million kilograms of herbicide are applied to the approximately 30 million hectares where corn is grown. Runoff from these fields can carry a significant fraction of these chemicals directly into streams, lakes, and reservoirs, many of which serve as sources of drinking water. Hackett et al. (877–889) report on a 175-site, 7-yr surface drinking water monitoring program for four of these herbicides and six of their degradates. Drinking water detection frequencies were correlated with product use and environmental fate characteristics, ranging from 7% for alachlor to 87% for atrazine. Reservoirs were particularly vulnerable to atrazine, which exceeded its 3 µg L^–1 maximum contaminant level at 25 such sites. Acetochlor, the main focus of the study, was detected in 19% of the samples but did not exceed its mitigation trigger (2 µg L^–1) at any site.

	Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil Phosphorus

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
Many soil resources in the United States are subject to excessive runoff and erosion losses. The transport of P by runoff from such upland areas in either sorbed or dissolved forms creates eutrophication-related problems in offsite aquatic environments. Ferrihydrite is a highly reactive iron oxide mineral that can be prepared synthetically for purposes of adsorbing P; however, the cost of such material is prohibitive on a large scale basis. Instead, Rhoton et al. (890–896) identified a natural source of ferrihydrite as a by-product of a water treatment process, which was applied to agricultural soils to assess its ability to sorb P in soil solutions. Data indicated that this naturally occurring ferrihydrite sorbed substantial quantities of P from soil solutions, and that it was most effective under acid soil conditions (below pH 7.0). These results suggest that ferrihydrite added to soils at rates exceeding 1.35 Mg/ha (1.5 tons/acre) will effectively reduce P losses in runoff.

	Ground Water Inputs along the Lower Jordan River

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse... Mountain Willow Survives Toxic... Corn Herbicides in Ground... Source Identification of Nitrate... Indirect Bioleaching of Toxic... CFC Age-Dates Produce a... Pyrethroids in Runoff Sediments Natural Organic Matter Displays... Testosterone is Very Labile... Hormone Persistence in Organic... Modeling Manure Loss during... Corn Herbicides in Surface... Ferrihydrite Adsorbs Soil... Ground Water Inputs along... Degraded Agricultural Streams... E. coli Transfer to... Colloidal Phosphorus in Sandy... Modified Leachfields Reduce... Composting Reduces Hormones into... Lagoon-Soil Liner Evaluation Field Scale Application of... Source-Dependent Phosphorus... Effluent Effects on Urine... Rapid Manganese Removal from... Trees Need Filler on... Acetochlor Leaching Not Observed Sediments Take Up Remote... Crop Uptake of Cadmium Green Roofs Retain Stormwater Novel Method for Measuring... Lipids Compete with PAHs A Thermodynamically Based Index... Petroleum-Wastewater Irrigation... Snap Bean as Ozone... BMPs Significantly Reduce... Water Quality from a... Determining Phosphorus Sorption... Management Strategy Impacts on... Humic Substances in Pig...

 
The chemical composition of the Lower Jordan River shows sharp changes along its flow path. The hypothesis was that ground water fluxes control the river chemistry mainly because of the expected increase in their relative contribution following the dramatic reduction of the river discharge (current river discharge is about 40 times lower than the flow rates a few decades ago). Using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter, Holtzman et al. (897–906) obtained discharge measurements in the river and its tributaries. Coupled with detailed water sampling and chemical analysis, they were able to quantify the water and solutes flows that enter the river through ground water fluxes. These measurements and mass balance calculations indicated ground water input was 20 to 80% of the river water flow, and 20 to 50% of its solute mass flow. The study shows the ground water sources contain high sulfate concentration and have similar chemical characteristics as found in agricultural drains and in the ‘saline’ Yarmouk River.

	Degraded Agricultural Streams have Telltale Fauna

TOP Organic Pollutants in Compost... Management Decisions and Actual... Phosphogypsum Reduces Greenhouse...