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EXECUTIVE SUMMARIES

This Issue in Journal of Environmental Quality

	Atrazine Losses Reduced by Alternative Runoff Control Practices

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

	Lower CO2 Use by SO2–Exposed Trees

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Trees exposed to airborne SO₂ seem to have reduced their CO₂ foliar uptake by 20 to 30% relative to trees in non-industrialized regions. This suggestion is based on unprecedented shifts of the C isotopes in tree rings formed during smelting at distances up to 116 km from a Cu plant. These results reported by Savard et al. (p. 13-26) imply the forest CO₂ uptake of North American industrial regions may be lower than previously thought.

	Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Manure

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Storage of manure makes a significant contribution to global methane emissions. Anaerobic digestion of pig and cattle manure in biogas reactors before outside storage might reduce the potential for methane emissions. However, manure pre-stored at 15 to 20°C in buildings before anaerobic digestion may be a significant source of methane and could reduce the potential methane production in the biogas reactor. Møller et al. (p. 27-36 ) report substantial methane and carbon dioxide emissions from aerobic and anaerobic degradation processes during pre-storage of manure even at short storage times.

	Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Cattle Manure Composting

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Wood residuals from the lumber industry are increasingly used as an alternative bedding material to traditional cereal straw. This could affect properties of fresh feedlot manure and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission during composting. Hao et al. (p. 37-44) found overall GHG emissions (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) as CO₂–C equivalent were not significantly different between straw-bedded (368.4 kg Mg^–1) and wood chip–bedded manure (349.2 kg Mg^–1) during 99 d of open windrow composting. For both types of cattle manure, N₂O emissions accounted for <1% of total N loss, and CH₄ emissions for <6% of total C loss.

	Pyrene Degradation in Boreal Conifer Forest Humus

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons are not only ubiquitous pollutants in urban and industrialized areas, but also in remote places. Accumulation has been shown in rural areas through atmospheric deposition. Koivula et al. (p. 45-53) found in microcosm experiments that pristine acid conifer forest humus contained a microbial population with an intrinsic potential to mineralize polyaromatic compound pyrene. Degradation rates were concentration-dependent. Pine and its mycorrhizal fungus had no significant effect on pyrene mineralization yields. It seems pyrene is unlikely to accumulate in Finnish forest environments at the present deposition rate.

	Metal Accumulation in Indian Mustard Overexpressing ATP Sulfurylase

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Indian mustard transgenics overexpressing ATP sulfurylase (APS plants) were tested by Wangeline et al. (p. 54-60) for tolerance and accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, W, and Zn. The APS seedlings were more tolerant than wild type to As(III), As (V), Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn, but less tolerant to Mo and V. The APS seedlings had up to 2.5-fold-higher shoot concentrations of As(III), As(V), Hg, Mo, Pb, and V. Mature APS plants contained up to 2.5-fold-higher shoot concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, V, and W than wild-type, with no difference in tolerance. Overexpression of ATP sulfurylase may be a promising approach to create plants with enhanced phytoextraction capacity for mixtures of metals.

	Attenuation of VOCs in Landfill Soil Covers

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
The potential for natural attenuation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in landfill covers was examined in soil microcosms incubated with methane and air. In total, 26 VOCs including chlorinated methanes, ethanes, ethenes, fluorinated hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated by Scheutz et al. (p. 61-71). Soil showed a high capacity for degradation of all lower chlorinated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons, whereas fully halogenated hydrocarbons were not degraded in the presence of methane and oxygen. Maximal oxidation activity occurred in a zone between 15 to 20 cm below the surface, as this depth allowed sufficient supply of both methane and oxygen. Results demonstrate that landfill soil covers have a significant potential for degradation of selected volatile organics, thereby reducing emissions to the atmosphere.

	Environmental Factors Influence Attenuation of HCFCs

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
The influence of different environmental factors on methane oxidation and degradation of hydrochloroflurocarbons (HCFCs) was investigated by Scheutz and Kjeldsen (p. 72-79) in microcosms containing soil sampled at a Danish landfill. Factors studied included temperature, soil moisture, pH, ammonium, and Cu, as well as the inhibitory effect of selected trace components on methane oxidation. The soil showed a high capacity for degradation of HCFCs resulting in maximum oxidation rates of 0.95 and 0.68 µg g^–1 h^–1 for HCFC-21 and HCFC-22, respectively. In general, the environmental factors studied influenced degradation of HCFCs in almost the same way as they influenced methane oxidation. The most important parameters controlling oxidation in landfill cover soil were temperature, soil moisture, and methane and/or oxygen supply.

	Predicting Pollutant Availability in Soil

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Hydrophobic organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exhibit strong chemical–physical interactions with soil particles resulting in significant environmental implications. Szolar et al. (p. 80-88) present a method for the prediction of pollutant–soil interaction based on sequential supercritical CO₂ extraction. Under mild extraction conditions, decreasing recoveries for PAHs were found with increasing molecular weight. Moreover, desorption behavior strongly correlated with PAH profiles; soils with relatively less mobile PAHs evidenced higher proportions of five- or six-ring PAHs and vice versa. Biodegradation performance also corresponded well with PAH recoveries under mild extraction conditions. However, one soil, which was found to be toxic, did not follow this pattern, leading to the conclusion that mass transfer limitations may only be one of many factors governing biodegradability of PAHs.

	Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated Soils

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Besides the beneficial effects on soil amelioration, the addition of composts to nutrient-depleted forest soils can increase soil respiration and leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Borken et al. (p. 89-98) report that addition of mature compost increased CO₂ efflux in two of six forest sites, probably due to enhanced decomposition of soil organic matter. Compost addition increased DOC fluxes at 10- and 100-cm depths in all forest soils over a period of 32 mo, with the effect of compost stronger at 10 than 100 cm. The mineral soils between 10 and 100 cm acted as significant sinks for DOC in both the control and compost plots. Overall, a single, moderate application of mature compost to nutrient-depleted forest soils seems to have little effect on C losses to the atmosphere and ground water.

	Soil Variables for Prediction of Potential Phosphorus Release

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
In risk assessment for P losses from agricultural fields to surface waters, both P release and transport mechanisms need to be considered. Börling et al. (p. 99-106) found that potential P release in nine Swedish soils was exponentially related to soil test P measured as NaHCO₃–extractable phosphorus (Olsen P) and ammonium lactate–extractable phosphorus (P-AL) in the soils. However, at the same soil test P level, soils with high P sorption capacity released less P than soils with low P sorption capacity. Consequently, soil test P cannot be used alone for prediction of potential P release for soils with different P sorption capacity. The ratios between Olsen P and P-AL and a single-point P sorption index were calculated as an estimate of P sorption saturation. These ratios gave good correlations with potential P release and seemed to be useful estimates of potential P release for risk assessment.

	Phosphorus Loss Ratings for P Index

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
The degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) relates a measure of the P already adsorbed by a soil to its P sorption capacity, and therefore would be an indexing potential for P loss from a given soil. Nair et al. (p. 107-113) computed DPS using P, Fe, and Al concentrations in a Mehlich 1 (soil test P) solution. Results agreed with methods of DPS calculation using oxalate extractions, an analytical procedure more complicated and generally not used in Florida and other parts of the USA. Mehlich 1–P values are used in the Florida P Index as an indicator of P release potential. Because Mehlich 1–P values do not reflect the soil P retention capacity, it may be desirable to replace Mehlich 1–P concentrations in the Florida P Index matrix with DPS. Based on numerous factors, the authors suggest assigning different P loss ratings for DPS (<30%, 30–60%, and >60%) to replace Mehlich 1–P values in the current Florida P Index.

	Nitrogen Isotopes Identify Wastewater

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Increases in coastal watershed populations have increased delivery of nutrients to lakes, ponds, and estuaries. Cole et al. (p. 124-132) assessed the use of a stable isotopic method to trace anthropogenic N across different plant taxonomic groups and geographic regions. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.) isotopic signatures were identified as useful indicators of wastewater. A model based on smooth cordgrass was then developed and tested to estimate relative wastewater load. This model generally worked well. Results provide an inexpensive and simple tool to assess effects of watershed urbanization on coastal water bodies.

	Molybdenum and Copper Uptake by Alfalfa

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Hypocuprosis, or Mo-induced Cu deficiency in ruminant animals, has been identified as a potential risk from land-applied, stabilized biosolids. Alkaline-stabilized biosolids warrant particular consideration in assessment of Mo risk because the high pH of these biosolids could increase Mo uptake and decrease Cu uptake by forage legumes. Stehouwer and Macneal (p. 133-140) found that alkaline-stabilized biosolids with low Mo content applied at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 times the soil lime requirement did not increase soil Mo, but increased alfalfa Mo and decreased Cu to Mo ratio in alfalfa to just below 3. Although results suggest that alkaline-stabilized biosolids may have a greater effect on forage Mo and Cu to Mo ratio than other biosolids, additional investigation is needed at higher cumulative Mo loading to assess Mo risk from such biosolids.

	As the Lead Sinks into the Horizon(s)

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phosphorus Pollutes... Fate of Surfactants in... Fate of Acetochlor in... Quantification of Antibiotics in... Adsorption and Degradation of... "Sandwich" Complexes between... Characterization of Cation-{pi}... Nutrient Retention in Urban... Herbicides in Subsurface Drains Herbicide Concentrations in Farm... Microbial Purification during... Thermal Analysis of Whole... Liming Cotton with Fly... Organic Ligands Increase Phytate... Runoff Losses in Turf... Enzymes Identify Hydrolyzable... Phosphorus and Heavy Metals... Organic Phosphorus Sources Have... Low-Phytate Corn Reduces... Avoid Overloading Wetlands with... Alum-Amended Poultry Litter...

 
Young and old forest stands have a taste for Pb, as this toxic element accumulates in organic matter. When anthropogenic Pb emissions peaked in the 1960s and 1970s, so did Pb concentrations in forest floors of the northeastern USA. Since the advent of unleaded gasoline, Pb loadings, as well as observed forest floor concentrations, have declined. Yanai et al. (p. 141-148) show that even long-term studies can, however, be misleading if sampling efforts treat the forest floor as a single pool. By distinguishing between the horizons in a forest floor over the course of a two-decade sampling effort, Pb was observed to generally be moving from the upper (Oie) horizon to lower layers (Oa and A). From three sites, Pb was only "lost" from one forest floor, while redistribution was the name of the game in other stands. This will undoubtedly leave researchers with a sinking feeling that earlier estimates of Pb residence times may not be accurate.

	Complementary Chemical and Biological Assessments of Water Quality

TOP Atrazine Losses Reduced by... Lower CO2 Use by... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Greenhouse Gas Emissions from... Pyrene Degradation in Boreal... Metal Accumulation in Indian... Attenuation of VOCs in... Environmental Factors Influence... Predicting Pollutant... Carbon Losses of Compost-Treated... Soil Variables for Prediction... Phosphorus Loss Ratings for... Nitrogen Isotopes Identify... Molybdenum and Copper Uptake... As the Lead Sinks... Complementary Chemical and... Bacterial Extracellular Polymer... Heavy Metals in an... Arsenic Availability in Raised... Simulating Sludge Effects on... Initial Potassium Leaching from... Organic Nitrogen Floating in... How Manure Phos