Fig. 5. (A) Correlation bi-plot from the standardized principal component analysis (PCA) on soil variables. Components are given in Table 3. Correlations of the soil variables with the main axes are given by arrows. The term NO^-₃ is the nitrate concentration in soil water, OM is the organic matter content, MOIST is the moisture content, and exNO^-₃ and exNH⁺₄ are the amounts of extractable nitrate and ammonium in the soil. Correlations with soil processes are given by dotted arrows and underlined abbreviations. The term LnDNT stands for denitrification, LnN₂O is N₂O emission, and NIT is the nitrification. (B) Correlation bi-plot from the standardized PCA with cluster centroids for the strips parallel to the stream in each of the two riparian buffers. The term F indicates the forest buffer zone, and G indicates the grassland buffer zone. Subscripts indicate the strip.

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