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Effects of Soil Phosphorus Status on Environmental Risk Assessment of Glyphosate and Glufosinate-Ammonium

^a MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
^b SYKE Finnish Environment Inst., P.O. Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland
^c SBRC Sugar Beet Research Centre, Korvenkyläntie 201, FI-25170 Kotalato, Finland
^d Dep. of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Box 27, FI-00014 Univ. of Helsinki, Finland

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Chemical structures of glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium.

View larger version (38K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Glyphosate (A and B) and glufosinate-ammonium (C and D) adsorption isotherms at different agronomic phosphorus levels from fair to excessive. n = 4. Note the different scales.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sorption percentiles of applied glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium in phosphorus-adjusted sandy loam soil. The herbicide addition levels used were 2 mg L–1 for glyphosate and 1 mg L–1 for glufosinate-ammonium.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Observed KF (see Table 2) of glyphosate (A) and glufosinate-ammonium (B) versus soil acid ammonium acetate–extractable phosphorus (PAC), and fitted models.