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In Situ Transmissiometer Measurements for Real-Time Monitoring of Dust Discharge during Orchard Nut Harvesting

Biological and Agricultural Engineering, One Shields Ave, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of nut pick-up machine showing nut harvest with in-field soil and debris removal (Flory Industries, 2006).

View larger version (32K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Conceptual configuration for measuring dust intensity by optical transmissiometer (from Sick Maihak, 2004).

View larger version (111K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Laser transmissiometer measurement system mounted on nut harvester.

View larger version (90K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Side view of harvester with sub-sampling tubes placed in air discharge.

View larger version (102K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Close-up of sub-sampling tubes entry into air-plenum for measuring relative dust intensity.

View larger version (85K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Transmissiometer measurement system mounted on small truck-bed (A) and close-up of measurement system (B).

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Typical in-row opacity during nut pick-up operations showing harvester start-up, harvesting, and disengaged fan.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. In-row opacity during harvesting at 2.4 (A) and 4.8 (B) km h–1 after standard and deep sweeping pre-harvest operations (start-up and end row opacity effects removed from data results).

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Effect of fan speed and pick-up chain speed on in-row opacity during harvest at 4.8 km h–1 ground speed.

View larger version (120K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Harvester modification attached to separation fan outlet on the harvester; nylon mesh bag was 3 m long and had 2-mm square openings with 20 openings cm–2.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Comparison of in-row opacity for a conventional harvester and modified harvester (modification was nylon mesh bag fastened to harvester separation fan outlet).