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Near-Field Dust Exposure from Cotton Field Tilling and Harvesting

^a Natural Resources Management and Engineering, The Univ. of Connecticut, 1376 Storrs Rd. U-4087, Storrs, CT 06269
^b School of Engineering, The Univ. of Vermont, Votey Bldg. Rm. 213B, Burlington, VT 05405
^c Crocker Nuclear Lab., One Shields Ave., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616
^d Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State Univ., Dep. 3Q, Las Cruces, NM 88003

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Example lidar slice of a horizontal plume. The rectangle represents the field being worked and the large arrow indicates the tractor path. The dotted line indicates the plume axis direction and the average wind direction. The source point is at the intersection of the plume maximum line and the tractor path (indicated by the arrow moving left to right); in this example, that is also the point of maximum backscatter (Bm). Be is the edge backscatter and Y is the plume width as needed for application of Eq. [1].

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Three-dimensional rendering of combined lidar scans: (a) looking from the top down and (b) vertical cross-sectional contours of the plume. The three plumes are all from the same pass of the tractor. The first lidar sequence is the darkest and the last is the lightest taken within 1 min after the tractor had stopped at the edge of the field. The arrow indicates the approximate tractor path on the field.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Total suspended particulates (TSP) at the ground vs. total lidar backscatter approximately 3 m above the ground. The linear fit is forced to an intercept equal to the background TSP. The result is a slope of 0.0034 and an r2 value of 0.79. The particulate matter with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) fit is 0.0025 with a zero intercept and an r2 of 0.61.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. An example of a plume generated under stable conditions. (a) top down view and (b) vertical cross-sectional contours of the plume. Under these conditions the maximum plume height is less than 30 m as opposed to Fig. 2 where the plume exceeds 50 m.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Lidar slice from harvesting day. Two intense plume cells can be seen where the dust is entrained in surface layer convective cells.

View larger version (32K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Height above the ground vs. concentration of material aloft (total suspended particulates [TSP]) for the 10 unstable passes on the discing day.