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XANES Spectroscopic Analysis of Phosphorus Speciation in Alum-Amended Poultry Litter

Environmental Soil Chemistry Group, Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, and the Center for Critical Zone Research, Univ. of Delaware, 152 Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19717

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Percent (calculated from sum of the four fractions) of P (A), Al (B), and Ca (C), extracted in 1:100 suspension of poultry litter and extractant (1 h shake time). Statistically different means (significant at P < 0.001) between litters within the same extraction are noted with different letters. Samples 519 and 525 are controls, and samples 129, 181, 182 are alum amended.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Fraction (calculated from the sum of the four fractions) of P in the supernatant (from the sequential extractions, the results of which are shown in Fig. 1), which was molybdate reactive. Samples 519 and 525 are controls (C), and samples 129, 181, 182 are alum amended (A). Molybdate-reactive P is considered to be predominantly an inorganic P species.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. XANES data collected from poultry litter #129. (A) Entire sequential extraction sequence as a function of relative energy (eV). (B) Magnification of the white line region (0 eV) of the XANES spectra presented in (A). (C) Magnification of the oxygen oscillation (17 eV) from the XANES spectra shown in (A).

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Spectra collected from reference materials, both organic and inorganic, that were dominant species in litter samples.

View larger version (61K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Linear combination fitting results for all poultry litter samples by extraction step. The y axis represents the percent contribution of a specific component to the overall linear combination fit (summing to 100). Each graph is divided into four or five bars, and each bar is divided into the components required to make up the linear least squares fitting for the averaged spectra from a sample.