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The Impact of Alum Addition on Organic P Transformations in Poultry Litter and Litter-Amended Soil

^a Animal Waste Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State Univ., 368 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-6028
^c Dep. of Environmental Science and Technology, Univ. of Maryland, 0214 H.J. Patterson Hall, College Park, MD 20742

View larger version (88K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The distribution of total litter P between orthophosphate, phytic acid, and residual pools as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of 0.5 mol L–1 NaOH–0.05 mol L–1 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) extracts. Residual is the portion of total P determined by microwave digestion that was not extracted with NaOH-EDTA.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The cumulative loss of (A) dry weight and (B) total C from the two litter treatments during the 93-d litter incubation period.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationships between (A) inorganic P (H2O + 0.5 mol L–1 NaHCO3 + 0.1 mol L–1 NaOH + 1.0 mol L–1 HCl) and orthophosphate (determined by nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] analysis of 0.5 mol L–1 NaOH–0.05 mol L–1 ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid [EDTA] extracts) and (B) the organic P (0.1 mol L–1 NaOH + 1.0 mol L–1 HCl) and phytic acid (determined by NMR analysis of 0.5 mol L–1 NaOH–0.05 mol L–1 EDTA extracts).

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between (A) the inorganic P (H2O + 0.5 mol L–1 NaHCO3 + 0.1 mol L–1 NaOH + 1.0 mol L–1 HCl) and reactive P measured in 0.5 mol L–1 NaOH–0.05 mol L–1 ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) extracts and (B) the organic P (0.1 mol L–1 NaOH + 1.0 mol L–1 HCl) and unreactive P measured in 0.5 mol L–1 NaOH–0.05 mol L–1 EDTA extracts.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Changes in the distribution of (A) organic P in the nontreated litter, (B) inorganic P in the nontreated litter, (C) organic P in the alum-treated litter, and (D) inorganic P in the alum-treated litter as determined by sequential extraction (error bars indicate standard deviation of the mean; values are expressed as a percent of the total P in litter as determined by microwave digestion of whole litter).