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Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission and Carbon Content as Affected by Irrigation, Tillage, Cropping System, and Nitrogen Fertilization

USDA-ARS, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab., 1500 North Central Ave., Sidney, MT. 59270

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (A) Effect of irrigation on soil surface CO2 flux, (B) soil temperature, and (C) soil gravimetric water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth averaged across management practices from May to November 2005 in Nesson Valley, ND. LSD (0.05) is the least significant difference between treatments at P 0.05. Arrows indicate time of irrigation in the irrigated treatment.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A and C) Daily total rainfall and (B and D) average air temperature at the time of CO2 measurement from May to November 2005 in the study sites in Nesson Valley, ND and Rasmussen, MT.

View larger version (52K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of management practices on (A) soil surface CO2 flux, (B) soil temperature, and (C) soil gravimetric water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth averaged across irrigation systems from May to November 2005 in Nesson Valley, ND. Management practices are CTBFN, conventional-till malt barley with 67 or 134 kg N ha–1; CTBON, conventional-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha–1; NTBFN, no-till malt barley with 67 or 134 kg N ha–1; NTBON, no-till malt barley with 0 kg N ha–1; NTCRP, no-till conservation reserve program planting containing undisturbed alfalfa and grasses with 0 kg N ha–1; and NTPON, no-till pea with 0 kg N ha–1. LSD (0.05) is the least significant difference between management practices at P 0.05. Arrows indicate time of irrigation in the irrigated treatment.

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of management practices on (A) soil surface CO2 flux, (B) soil temperature, and (C) soil gravimetric water content at the 0- to 15-cm depth from May to November 2005 in Rasmussen, MT. Treatments are CTFON, conventional-till fallow with 0 kg N ha–1; NTBFN, no-till malt barley with 78 kg N ha–1; NTFON, no-till fallow with 0 kg N ha–1; NTPON, no-till Austrian winter pea with 0 kg N ha–1; and NTRON, no-till rye with 0 kg N ha–1. LSD (0.05) is the least significant difference between management practices at P 0.05.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationships between soil surface CO2 flux and (A and C) soil temperature at the 0- to 15-cm depth and (B and D) air temperature at the time of CO2 measurement in Nesson Valley, ND and Rasmussen, MT.