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Phosphorus Concentrations in Soil and Subsurface Water: A Field Study among Cropland and Riparian Buffers

^a Dep. of Plant and Soil Science, Univ. of Vermont, Hills Agricultural Science Building, Burlington, VT 05405
^b Dep. of Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationships between sodium acetate-extractable P (NaOAc-P) and average 25- and 50-cm depth soil solution dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration (a), and soil P sorption saturation percentage (Psat) and NaOAc-P concentration for all plots (b).

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean ground water dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations among cropland and buffer plots in 2004 (a) and 2005 (b). Means within sampling date among cropland and buffers with different letters are different at p 0.05. Error bars are estimated standard errors. Note that the DRP concentration was below the limit of detection in grass buffers for the 27 Oct. 2005 sampling.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Mean dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), particulate reactive P (PRP), and dissolved unreactive P (DUP) in the shallow ground water of cropland and buffer plots. Means for each plot were calculated from study average DRP (n = 13), PRP (n = 5), and DUP (n = 3). Means within each P form with different lowercase letters are significantly different at p 0.07. The number of plots for corn, hay, grass, grass-willow, and forest buffers is 8, 8, 6, 6, and 4, respectively.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Average dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), particulate reactive P (PRP), and dissolved unreactive P (DUP) concentrations by soil drainage class in cropland (a) and buffer plots (b). Means for each drainage class were calculated from study average DRP (n = 13), PRP (n = 5), and DUP (n = 3). Means within each P form with different lowercase letters are significantly different for crop fields and buffers at p = 0.09 and p 0.03, respectively. The number of plots for the well, moderately well, and somewhat poorly drained crop fields is 6, 3, and 7, respectively; for the well/moderately well, somewhat poorly, and poorly drained buffers the number of plots is 3, 7, and 6, respectively. Error bars are the standard error of the mean.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between observed average buffer ground water dissolved reactive P (DRP) and predicted buffer ground water DRP by multiple linear regression with buffer soil organic matter (OM) and 50-cm depth DRP as independent variables. Average buffer ground water DRP = 0.630 + 0.091 (50-cm depth DRP) + 1.21 (soil OM), R2 = 0.75, n = 16, p = 0.0002, F = 18.1.