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Published online 4 January 2008
Published in J Environ Qual 37:266-271 (2008)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0019
© 2008 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
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EPA Worst Case Water Microcosms for Testing Phage Biocontrol of Salmonella

Michael R. McLaughlin* and John P. Brooks

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Waste Management and Forage Research Unit, POB 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762. Journal article number J-11061 of the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Mention of a trade name, proprietary product, or specific equipment does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USDA and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may be suitable. This work was prepared by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties and is in the public domain and may be used without further permission


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Changes in Salmonella and phage PR04-1 titers in worst case water microcosms without peptone. (A) Effect of multiplicity of infection rate, MOI = (pfu L–1)/(cfu L–1), on exponential phase Salmonella cell populations. Open circle ({circ}) no phage (± SE, n = 8); open diamond (Figure 1) MOI = 0.3 (± SE, n = 2); open square ({square}) MOI = 4.5 (± SE, n = 4); open triangle ({Delta}) MOI = 21.4 (± SE, n = 2). (B) Changes in phage titers: open diamond (Figure 1) with Salmonella (MOI = 4.5); and open square ({square}) without Salmonella; (± SE, n = 4).

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Log10 reduction of exponential phase Salmonella cells in worst case water without peptone. Closed square ({blacksquare}) with phage treatment and open diamond (Figure 2) without phage treatment ( ± SE, n = 4). Phage treatments were: (A) PR04-1; (B) PR37-96; and (C) a cocktail of PR04-1 and PR37-96.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Effects of peptone (0.1%) and phage (PR04-1) on growth of exponential phase Salmonella cells in worst case water microcosms (± SE, n = 4). (A) Peptone effect without phage. (B) Peptone effect with phage. (C) Phage effect with peptone. (D) Phage effect without peptone. Symbols: closed diamond ({diamondsuit}), +phage + peptone; open diamond (Figure 3), +phage–peptone; closed square ({blacksquare}),–phage +peptone; open square ({square}),–phage–peptone.

 




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