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Published online 24 October 2007
Published in J Environ Qual 36:1856-1863 (2007)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0563
© 2007 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Determination of Phosphorus Speciation in Dairy Manure using XRD and XANES Spectroscopy

Kerem Güngöra, Astrid Jürgensenb and K. G. Karthikeyana,*

a Biological Systems Engineering Dep., Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706
b Canadian Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Synchrotron Radiation Center, 3731 Schneider Dr., Stoughton, WI 53589-3097


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. X-ray powder diffractograms of the influent and effluent manure samples (S: struvite (PDF#15-0762), Syl: sylvite (PDF#73-0380)). The influent diffractogram is offset by 10,000 units.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Normalized X-ray absorption spectra of the Ca orthophosphate standards (ACP: amorphous calcium phosphate; ß-TCP: beta tricalcium phosphate; DCPA: dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; DCPD: dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; HAp: hydroxylapatite; OCP: octacalcium phosphate) (a: whiteline, b: shoulder, c: distinct peak, d: oxygen oscillation).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Normalized X-ray absorption spectra of the phosphorus standards (Aq-PO4: aqueous orthophosphate; phytic: phytic acid; pyroP: pyrophosphate) (a: whiteline, b: spectral feature, c: oxygen oscillation).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Measured (solid line) and fitted (dashed lines) X-ray absorption spectra of the influent sample. The DCPA+struvite combination yielded the best fit (DCPA: Dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; aq-PO4: aqueous orthophosphate).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Measured (solid line) and fitted (dashed lines) X-ray absorption spectra of the effluent sample (after anaerobic digestion). The struvite+HAp combination yielded the best fit (aq-PO4: aqueous orthophosphate; HAp: Hydroxylapatite).

 




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