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Responses of a Non–N-Limited Forest Plantation to the Application of Alkaline-Stabilized Dewatered Dairy Factory Sludge

^a Dep. of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Unit of Sustainable Forest Management, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain
^b Dep. of Crop Production, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in pH and concentrations of extractable nutrients in the upper 12 cm of the mineral soil throughout the study period. Changes over time were tested by analysis of repeated measurements. When this test revealed significant differences for the whole period, the monthly mean values were compared by Tukey means test at P < 0.05. Asterisks denote significant differences between the treatments compared within that month.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in microbial biomass, basal respiration, and Cmic/Corg ratio in the 0- to 12-cm soil depth throughout the first year after application of the sludge (1999). Different letters within the same month indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 (Tukey means test). Error bars indicate SD of the mean concentration for four plots and for each treatment.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Soil-extractable inorganic N and N2O fluxes in incubated soil samples in the 0- to 12-cm soil layer throughout the first year after application of the sludge (1999). Different letters within the same month indicate significant differences at P < 0.05. Error bars indicate SD of the mean concentration for four plots and for each treatment.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in the concentrations of the macronutrients in needles of Pinus radiata throughout the study period. Changes over time were tested by analysis of repeated measurements. When this test revealed significant differences for the whole period, the monthly mean values were compared by Tukey means test at P < 0.05. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the months compared.

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Stem volume in response to application of biosolids throughout the study period. Changes over time were tested by analysis of repeated measurements. When this test revealed significant differences for the whole period, the monthly mean values were compared by Tukey means test at P < 0.05. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the months compared.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Vector nomograms illustrating the effects of the dewatered dairy factory sludge treatment on nutrient foliar concentrations and contents and foliar biomass in 2003. The latter figure provides an interpretation of directional shits. (A) Dilution. (B) Sufficiency. (C) Deficiency. (D) Luxury consumption. (E) Excess. (F) Further excess. Adapted from Timmer and Stone (1978).

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Ground vegetation biomass in the experimental plot throughout the study period. U, untreated plots; D1 and D2, 3.1 and 6.2 Mg of DDFS ha–1, respectively.