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Variations in Stream Water and Sediment Phosphorus among Select Ozark Catchments

^a Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dep., Univ. of Arkansas, 203 Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^b USDA–ARS National Soil Erosion Research Lab., 275 South Russell Street, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907
^c Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences Dep., Univ. of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences, Fayetteville, AR 72701

View larger version (117K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Map delineating catchment area and land use distribution of the selected study sites on 22 different streams in the Ozark Highlands of Northwest Arkansas, USA. Note: Site numbers correspond to the numbers listed in parentheses in Table 1.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Graphical display of the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment (P sorbed) as a function of initial and final soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentration in the aqueous solution. Note: The linear regression of P sorbed and final SRP concentration was used to estimate the slope of the relation (Kslope) and sediment equilibrium P concentration (EPC0) in this study, and the data point from the highest level of P enrichment, i.e., ambient SRP concentrations plus an additional 2.5 mg PO4–P L–1, was not used in the linear regression used to determine Kslope and sediment EPC0 in this example.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The relation between (A) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations (mg L–1) in the water column at the selected stream and the percent (%) forested land use in the catchments; (B) nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) concentrations (mg L–1) in the water column at the selected stream and the percent (%) pasture land use in the catchments; (C) Mehlich-3 P (M3P) content (mg kg–1 dry sediment) in the stream sediments and the percent (%) forested land in the catchments; and (D) the modified P saturation ratio (PSRmod) of the stream sediments and the percent (%) pasture land use in the catchments.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean (plus standard deviation) of (A) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations (mg L–1), (B) nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) concentrations (mg L–1), (C) sediment equilibrium P concentrations (EPC0, mg L–1), and (D) the modified P saturation ratio (PSRmod) as a function of the various defined land use categories. Note: Different letters above bars denote significant differences between land use categories using ANOVA LSD P < 0.05.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The relation between (A) soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations (mg L–1) in the water column and benthic sediment equilibrium P concentrations (EPC0, mg L–1) at the selected streams; (B) SRP concentrations (mg L–1) in the stream water and benthic sediment Mehlich-3 P (M3P) contents (mg kg–1 dry sediment); (C) SRP concentrations (mg L–1) in the stream water and the modified P saturation ratio (PSRmod) of the benthic sediments; and (D) benthic sediment EPC0 (mg L–1) and the slope (Kslope, L kg–1) of the linear regression used to estimate benthic sediment EPC0.