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Published online 16 October 2007
Published in J Environ Qual 36:1695-1703 (2007)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0006
© 2007 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Response of Antibiotics and Resistance Genes to High-Intensity and Low-Intensity Manure Management

Heather N. Stortebooma, Sung-Chul Kima, Kathy C. Doeskenb, Kenneth H. Carlsona, Jessica G. Davisb and Amy Prudena,*

a Dep. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
b Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Concentrations of antibiotics quantified in the pilot study with respect to time. Concentrations of antibiotics in control piles were below detection (data not shown). Data points represent average values of all measurements (performed in triplicate for each pile). Error bars represent standard deviation.

 

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  		Fig. 2. Detected levels of tetracycline antibiotic-resistant genes (ARG) normalized to copies of bacterial 16S rRNA genes present in the pilot field samples with respect to time. Spiked treatments had 0.328 mg each of chlortetracycline, tylosin, and monensin added per kg manure. Data points represent average values of all measurements (performed in triplicate for each pile) for the specified treatment.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Concentrations of total tetracyclines, and the individual tetracycline compounds (oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and tetracycline) quantified in the large-scale study treatment windrows with respect to time. Data points represent average values of all measurements (performed in triplicate for each sampling region) for the specified windrow. Error bars represent standard deviation.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Copies of tetracycline antibiotic-resistant genes (ARG) normalized to copies 16S bacterial rRNA gene present in the large-scale field samples with respect to time. Data points represent average values of all measurements (performed in triplicate for each sampling region) for the specified windrow. Error bars represent standard deviation.

 




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