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The Release of Phosphorus to Porewater and Surface Water from River Riparian Sediments

^a Catchment Science Centre, Kroto Research Inst., The Univ. of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
^b Centre for Sustainable Water Management, The Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ
^c Dep. of Geography, Queen Mary, Univ. of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS

View larger version (112K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. View of the Strumpshaw wetland complex in the floodplain of the River Yare looking down-river (Photograph courtesy of Mike Page, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, RSPB). Note the ditch network running through the complex, the Lackford Run in the northwest of the wetland, and the hatched box showing the area from which cores were collected in this study.

View larger version (127K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Core housing used in the incubation of larger diameter cores. Sampling ports with mini-piezometers installed are on the left side of the core housing (A), sampling ports on the right side (B) were not used in this study. Vertical tube (C) is connected to the housing through a port at the base (D) and gives the position of the water table within the core. Water is input to/drained from an identical port on the opposite side of the housing (hidden from view). Core housing is approximately 90 cm in length. Note that the image was taken at the end of the incubations after vegetation was removed from the core for analysis.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Total phosphorus (TP), total organic phosphorus (TPo), and total inorganic phosphorus (TPi) in the surface 50 cm of peat in drained cores. Mean values from replicate cores are given (n = 3), error bars show ±1 standard deviation. TP is the sum of TPo and TPi, TPo the sum of NaOH-Po and residual-Po, and TPi the sum of KCl-Pi, NaOH-Pi, and HCl-Pi from the P fractionation scheme of Reddy et al. (1998).

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) concentration in surface water samples from replicate cores flooded with deionized water (DW) or simulated river water (SRW).

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The release of molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) into surface water and porewater during incubations using deionized water (DW) or simulated river water (SRW). Profiles showing average concentrations from replicate cores at each sampling time are given (n = 3). Error bars showing ±1 standard deviation are only shown for the final sampling time to maintain the clarity of the figure.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Correlation between molar concentrations of molybdate reactive phosphorus (MRP) and ferrous iron (Fe2+) in all porewater samples from incubations using simulated river water.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3––N) and ferrous iron (Fe2+) concentration in surface water and porewater (10 and 32.5 cm depth) from incubations using simulated river water, normalized to concentration at time = 0 h. Mean concentrations from replicate cores are given (n = 3), error bars show ±1 standard deviation.