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Comparison of Plant Families in a Greenhouse Phytoremediation Study on an Aged Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon–Contaminated Soil

^a Dep. of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
^b Dep. of Biology, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523
^c Dep. of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Total concentration (mg kg–1 soil DW) of different classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil planted with species from different plant families, sampled at different times (t1, 220 d after planting; t2, 430 d after planting). The horizontal line denotes the concentration at t0. (A) Total PAH concentration; (B) 2- to 4-ringed PAHs; and (C) 5- to 6-ringed PAHs. Total PAH concentration corresponds to the sum of the averages of individual PAH concentrations. *Statistical differences at p < 0.05 (Student's t test) as compared with unplanted soil. The plant species used from each family are listed in Table 2. The 2- to 4-ring PAHs are naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, and chrysene. The 5- to 6-ringed PAHs are benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(e)acephenanthrylene, benzo(a)pyrene, indol(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, and benzo(ghi)perylene.

View larger version (47K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal 220 d (t1) and 430 d (t2) after planting, comparing unplanted and planted treatments, and within planted treatments comparing monocotyledon with dicotyledon plant species. The different panels represent different classes of PAH. (A) Two-ring: naphthalene. (B) Three-ring: acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene. (C) Four-ring: fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene. (D) Five-ring: benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(e)acephenanthrylene, benzo(a)pyrene. (E) Six-ring: indol(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, dibenzo(ah)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene. (F) Total PAH. *Statistical differences at p < 0.05 (Student's t test) as compared with unplanted soil.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Most probable numbers (MPN) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–degrading microbes in soil planted with different plant species 220 d (A, t1) and 430 d (B, t2) after planting. The fold-change in MPN between t1 and t2 is shown in (C) and was calculated by subtracting MPN (t1) from MPN (t2) and dividing by MPN (t1). The horizontal lines denote unplanted control soil. The numbers underneath the bars indicate the plant species as listed in Table 2.