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Integrating Biodegradation and Electroosmosis for the Enhanced Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Creosote-Polluted Soils

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, C.S.I.C., Apartado 1052, E-41080-Seville, Spain

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Design of electroremediation cell used to treat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-polluted soils.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (A) Mineralization of 14C-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and (B) disappearance of native PAH in solid-phase treatments of clay soil II. (A) Mineralization of 14C-phenanthrene (circles), 14C-fluoranthene (triangles) and 14C-pyrene (squares). (B) Mean concentration of native PAH in soil before (black bars) and after (gray bars) treatment. Error bars correspond to one standard deviation of measurements in duplicate flasks. The detection limit for fluorene was 96 µg kg–1. Abbreviations: Flne, Fluorene; Phe, phenanthrene; Ant, anthracene; Ftne, Fluoranthene; Pyr, pyrene; B(a)pyr, benzo(a)pyrene; Crys, chrysene.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Time-course evolution of cell operating parameters (potential drop [circles], current density [triangles], and temperature [squares]) during electrokinetic treatment of clay soil II in the presence of Brij 35. Temperature evolution of control cell without current (dashed line) is shown for reference.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Mineralization of 14C-phenanthrene in inoculated clay soil I slurries before (circles) and after (triangles) exposure to an electric field. The numbers denote maximum mineralization rates in mg kg–1 h–1. (B) Mean concentration of native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soil after bioavailability assay without (grey bars) and with (black bars) electrokinetic pretreatment. Error bars correspond to one standard deviation of measurements in duplicate flasks. No error bars are shown in (B) for results without pretreatment because the results correspond to one single flask. The detection limit for fluorene was 54 µg kg–1. Abbreviations: Flne, Fluorene; Phe, phenanthrene; Ant, anthracene; Ftne, Fluoranthene; Pyr, pyrene; B(a)pyr, benzo(a)pyrene; Crys, chrysene.