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Selection of a Water-Extractable Phosphorus Test for Manures and Biosolids as an Indicator of Runoff Loss Potential

^a USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, University Park, PA 16802
^b Dep. Crop and Soil Sciences, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331
^c Agricultural Analytical Services Lab., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802
^d Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802
^e School of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348
^f USDA-ARS, National Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA 50011
^g USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Lab., Kimberly, ID 83341
^h Dep. of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
ⁱ USDA-ARS, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^j Dep. Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^k Dep. Soil and Water Science, Univ. of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598
^l Dep. Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
^m Dep. Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
ⁿ Dep. Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74078
^o Environmental Health, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON, Canada N0R 1G0. Mention of trade names does not imply recommendation or endorsement by USDA-ARS

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of extraction ratio (10:1, 100:1, 200:1) on water-extractable phosphorus (WEP) of manures and biosolids measured by 10 laboratories in experiment B. Open symbols indicate colorimetric determination of WEP. Closed symbols indicate inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry determination of WEP.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Example of water-extractable P (WEP) extraction ratio effects on the relationship between manure or biosolids WEP and dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration in runoff in experiment D. Phosphorus in runoff was determined by colorimetry. Only one set of WEP extraction protocols is presented (centrifugation, colorimetric P determination). The effects of additional variables on the correlation between biosolids or manure WEP and runoff P are reported in Table 6.