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Interaction and Influence of Two Creeks on Escherichia coli Concentrations of Nearby Beaches: Exploration of Predictability and Mechanisms

^a Great Lakes Science Center, Lake Michigan Ecological Research Station, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304 USA
^b Ecosystems Research Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 960 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605 USA

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Study locations, including water sampling sites and sites of hydrometeorologic instruments. Water samples for E. coli were collected daily at Central and Mount Baldy Beaches and at the mouths of Kintzele Ditch and Trail Creek. Trail Creek instruments included a gauging station and weather station; Kintzele Ditch instruments included two pressure transducers (one offshore) and a multiprobe monitoring sonde. An acoustic Doppler current profiler was located offshore of Mount Baldy, and predicted measurements for lake conditions were developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration a location offshore of Mount Baldy/Kintzele Ditch.

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Daily rainfall amounts and Escherichia coli concentrations over the course of the study period (A) at the beaches and (B) in the creeks.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Predicted Escherichia coli concentration versus actual E. coli concentration measured at Central Avenue and Mount Baldy Beaches.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Correlation coefficients between current speed components and bacteria concentrations at Mount Baldy and Central Avenue Beaches during the period of 29 June 2004 to 8 Aug. 2004.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (A) Escherichia coli concentrations from Days 182 through 221, indicating incidents of a current shift. White bars indicate a current reversal from the previous day; black bars indicate days when E. coli count exceeded 150 MPN/100 ml at Central Avenue Beach; gray bars indicated days when E. coli exceeded 150 MPN/100 mL at Mount Baldy beach. (B) Alongshore component of the current velocity at 0600 h each day; positive component corresponds to the upshore direction, toward northeast.