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Reduced Surface Runoff Losses of Metolachlor in Narrow-Row Compared to Wide-Row Soybean

^a USDA-ARS, Southern Weed Science Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
^b USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
^c USDA-ARS, National Sedimentation Lab., P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS 38655

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Hydrograph and cumulative loss of metolachlor as percent applied, 1.2 kg ha–1 for narrow-row soybean and 1.3 kg ha–1 for wide-row soybean. Symbols represent the mean of six replicates.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Hydrograph and chemograph for narrow- and wide-row soybean. Symbols represent the mean of six replicates. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation from the mean. First-order kinetics model for narrow-row soybean: y = 0.45e–0.02x, r2 = 0.90. First-order kinetics model for wide-row soybean: y = 1.20e–0.05x, r2 = 0.98.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Sediment concentration in runoff from narrow- and wide-row soybean as a function of time after inception of runoff. Symbols represent the mean of six replicates. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation from the mean. Zero-order kinetics model for narrow-row soybean: y = 4.62 + 0.24x, r2 = 0.82. Zero-order kinetics model for wide-row soybean: y = 5.52 + 0.22x, r2 = 0.85.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Foliar wash-off potential of 14C-metolachlor applied to the adaxial surface of the last fully expanded terminal leaflet of four-leaf soybean. Symbols represent the mean of six replicates. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation of the mean. Data are expressed as percent 14C recovered.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Absorption and translocation of 14C-metolachlor applied to the adaxial surface of the last fully expanded terminal leaflet of four-leaf soybean. Symbols represent the mean of six replicates. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation of the mean. Data for absorption and translocation are expressed as percent 14C recovered.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationship between herbicide concentration in the first liter of runoff and time to inception of runoff. Symbols are individual replicates from both wide- and narrow-row soybean.