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Bacterial Reduction of Selenium in Coal Mine Tailings Pond Sediment

^a Environmental Science and Engineering, Univ. of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
^b Canada Research Chair–Soil and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9 Canada
^c Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. T. Siddique, present address, Dep. of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Neighbor-joining tree showing the phylogenetic relationship among Se-reducing bacterial strains isolated from the coal mine fine tailings and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence. Fragments of 500 bp are used to construct the tree. Bootstrap values are indicated at each node. The tree is rooted with Thermotoga maritima as the outgroup.

View larger version (142K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Formation of elemental Se (Se0) by Enterobacter hormaechei. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image shows Se0 spheres of different sizes formed by the bacterium during Se6+ reduction and indicated by arrows. Scale bar = 1.0 µm

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in the concentrations of Se6+ and total soluble Se during incubation after addition of Se6+ to the coal mine tailings pond sediment.() Sterilized sediment (heat-killed) inoculated with Enterobacter hormaechei; (•) Nonsterilized sediment (live) inoculated with Enterobacter hormaechei; () Nonsterilized sediment (live) without any inoculation; (*) Sterilized sediment (heat-killed) without inoculation (control). Error bars (±) represent standard error of the mean (n = 3).

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in the concentrations of Se4+, Se2–, and accumulated Se during incubation after addition of Se6+ to the coal mine tailings pond sediment. () Sterilized sediment (heat-killed) inoculated with Enterobacter hormaechei; (•) Nonsterilized sediment (live) inoculated with Enterobacter hormaechei; () Nonsterilized sediment (live) without any inoculation; (*) Sterilized sediment (heat-killed) without any inoculation (control). Error bars (±) represent standard error of the mean (n = 3).