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Solid Phosphorus Phase in Aluminum- and Iron-Treated Biosolids

^a Dep. of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76-100, Israel
^b Cooperative Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL 33149

View larger version (107K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (upper left) and elemental (Al, Ca, Fe, S, and P) dot maps of untreated biosolids. The color intensity (white to black, or yellow to red, pink, blue, and black in the colored figures published online) reflects elemental concentration from high to low.

View larger version (97K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (upper left) and elemental (P, S, Ca, Fe, and Al) dot maps of alum-stabilized biosolids. The color intensity (white to black, or yellow to red, pink, blue, and black in the colored figures published online) reflects elemental concentration from high to low. The particles of (a) Ca-P; (b) Al-P; (c) gypsum; and (d) a probable residual CaCO3 are shown on the SEM image.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Chemical composition relationships in different types of particles in alum-stabilized biosolids. (A) Relations between the contents of Ca and P in Ca-rich particles; (B) relations between Ca, S, and P in the points enclosed by the triangle in A; (C) relations between Al and P contents in Al-rich particles.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Typical X-ray spectra (EDXS) of Ca-rich particles of FeSul-stabilized biosolids. (A) Ca-S, gypsum; (B) Ca-P-S dominant phase, brushite & gypsum; (C) probable residual CaCO3; and (D) probable residual CaCO3, gypsum & brushite.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Chemical composition relationships in different types of particles in FeSul-stabilized biosolids. (A) Relations between the contents of Ca and P in Ca-dominant particles; (B) relations between Ca, S and P in the points enclosed by the triangle in A; (C) relations between the contents of Fe and P in Fe-dominant particles.

View larger version (89K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image (upper left) and elemental dot maps of alum-treated biosolids, showing a big (240-µm) Ca-P particle and the location of P, S, Ca, Fe, and Al. The color intensity (white to black, or yellow to red, pink, blue, and black in the colored figures published online) reflects elemental concentration from high to low. The chemical constituents of points 1 to 6 on the SEM image (left) are shown in Table 1.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Typical X-ray spectra (EDXS) of Fe-rich particles of FeSul-stabilized biosolids with decreased Fe/P molar ratios: (A) 1.00; (B) 1.58; (C) 3.06; and (D) 11.04.