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Best Management Practices for Nutrient and Sediment Retention in Urban Stormwater Runoff

^a Dep. of Environmental Science and Policy, 4400 University Drive, George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA 22030
^b Dep. of Biology, P.O. Box 6057, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506-6057. D.M. Hogan, current address, Eastern Geographic Science Center, USGS, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, MSN 521, Reston, VA 20192. M.R. Walbridge, current address, Natural Resources and Sustainable Agricultural Systems, USDA-ARS, 5601 Sunnyside Avenue, Room 4-2292, Beltsville, MD 20705-5140

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Map of Virginia showing the location of Fairfax County (in black), and the stormwater detention basin (SDB-BMP and SDB-FC) and the natural riparian wetland (RW) study site locations in Fairfax County, VA. The triangles represent the locations of the six stormwater detention facilities (three SDB-BMPs , three SDB-FCs ) and the dark squares () represent the locations of the 12 RWs (RW data from Hogan and Walbridge [2007]).

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Stormwater detention basin (SDB-BMP and SDB-FC) and riparian wetland (RW) soil (a) crystalline and total Fe (Fec and Fet) and (b) relative Fe crystallinity (indexed as Feox/Fet). The 12 natural RWs (RW data from Hogan and Walbridge [2007]) are grouped as a function of % impervious surface cover (ISC) in their surrounding watershed into three categories: slightly (1.0–6.1%), moderately (8.6–13.3%), and highly (25.1–29.1%) urbanized (Fig. 1). Error bars represent ± 1 SE and lowercase letters x and y or a and b indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) for crystalline or total Fe, respectively.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Phosphorus sorption isotherms for the stormwater detention basin (SDB-BMPs and SDB-FCs) in comparison with the natural riparian wetland (RW) soils (RW data from Hogan and Walbridge [2007]). SDB-BMP soils are shown by closed triangles (), SDB-FC soils are shown by open triangles (), and RW soils are indicated by dark squares (). The figure illustrates the amount of P sorbed following a 24-h equilibration with initial P concentrations of 16, 33, 130, and 260 mg P L–1 plotted as a function of the P remaining in solution following equilibration. Error bars indicate ± 1 SE.