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Application Methods Affect Phosphorus-Induced Lead Immobilization from a Contaminated Soil

Soil and Water Science Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0290

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) metal contents in sectioned soil columns (0–20 cm) after leaching. Detection limit = 0.2 mg L–1. RMAS1: Phosphate rock (PR) was mixed with the soil and phosphoric acid (PA) was added simultaneously; RMAW1: PR was mixed and PA was added 1 wk later; RLAS1: PR was added as a layer and PA was added simultaneously; RMAW2: PR was mixed and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart; RLAW2: PR was added as a layer and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart. Columns with the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Physiologically based extraction test (PBET)-extractable Pb contents in sectioned soil columns (0–20 cm) after leaching. Detection limit = 0.2 mg L–1. RMAS1: Phosphate rock (PR) was mixed with the soil and phosphoric acid (PA) was added simultaneously; RMAW1: PR was mixed and PA was added 1 wk later; RLAS1: PR was added as a layer and PA was added simultaneously; RMAW2: PR was mixed and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart; RLAW2: PR was added as a layer and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Total Pb concentration in sectioned soil columns (20–40 cm). Detection limit = 0.2 mg L–1. RMAS1: Phosphate rock (PR) was mixed with the soil and phosphoric acid (PA) was added simultaneously; RMAW1: PR was mixed and PA was added 1 wk later; RLAS1: PR was added as a layer and PA was added simultaneously; RMAW2: PR was mixed and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart; RLAW2: PR was added as a layer and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart. Columns with the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05 for the same depth.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Phosphorus concentrations (mg L–1) in column leachate (0–20 cm). RMAS1: Phosphate rock (PR) was mixed with the soil and phosphoric acid (PA) was added simultaneously; RMAW1: PR was mixed and PA was added 1 wk later; RLAS1: PR was added as a layer and PA was added simultaneously; RMAW2: PR was mixed and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart; RLAW2: PR was added as a layer and PA was added two times with 1 wk apart.