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Fire Effects on Stable Isotopes in a Sierran Forested Watershed

^a Dep. of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Univ. of Nevada Reno, Mail Stop 186, 1000 Valley Road, Reno, NV 89512
^b The Nature Conservancy, One E. First St., Suite 1007, Reno, NV 89501
^c 1475 Folsom Street, #362, Boulder, CO 80302

View larger version (102K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location map of Gondola wildfire and sampling locations. Triangles ("riparian" and "forest") indicate sites where samples were collected for muffle furnace experiment. Squares indicate locations of upland samples collected before, shortly after, and 1 yr following the wildfire. Circles indicate locations of samples collected from the runoff event after the wildfire. The hatched area indicates the extent of the wildfire.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Average (with 95% confidence intervals) (a) 13C values, (b) 15N values, and (c) C/N ratios from muffle furnace experiment for muffle burn temperatures using factorial data from all durations. The error term for the test of temperature was the mean expected squared error from the factorial component of the ANOVA, which used sites and soil layers as replicates. Three pre-planned contrasts were performed to compare means while respecting the overall experiment-wide alpha error rate of 0.05: 20 vs. 100, 200, and 400°C; 100 vs. 200°C, and 200 vs. 400°C. Different letters under the lower confidence interval apply only to preplanned contrasts and indicate that means are significantly different at alpha = 0.05. Different letters were also assigned to the two most different means if the overall test was significant, but preplanned contrasts were all nonsignificant.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Average (with 95% confidence intervals) (a) 13C values, (b) 15N values, and (c) C/N ratios from muffle furnace experiment for muffle burn duration using factorial data from all temperatures. The error term for the test of duration was the mean expected squared error from the factorial component of the ANOVA, which used sites and soil layers as replicates. Three preplanned contrasts were performed to compare means while respecting the overall experiment-wide alpha error rate of 0.05: 1 vs. 5 min, 5 vs. 15 min, and 15 vs. 60 min. Different letters under the lower confidence interval apply only to preplanned contrasts and indicate that means are significantly different at alpha = 0.05. Different letters were also assigned to the two most different means if the overall test was significant, but preplanned contrasts were all nonsignificant. Letters are not shown for 15N as the overall effects were not significant.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Average (with 95% confidence intervals) (a) 15N values and (b) C/N ratios from muffle furnace experiment for the interaction of muffle burn temperature and duration. The error term for the test of the interaction was the mean expected squared error from the factorial component of the ANOVA, which used sites and soil layers as replicates. Eight preplanned contrasts were performed to compare interaction means while respecting the overall experiment-wide alpha error rate of 0.05: 20 vs. 100, 200, and 400°C at each of 1, 5, 15, and 60 min (four separate contrasts, one per duration); and 200 vs. 400°C at each of 1, 5, 15, and 60 min (four separate contrasts, one per duration). Different letters under the lower confidence interval apply only to preplanned contrasts and indicate that means are different among temperatures whereas different numbers adjacent to letters (e.g., "a1" vs. "a2") indicate different means among duration between 200 vs. 400°C.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Comparison of average stable (a) carbon and (b) nitrogen isotopes values for fire zone samples before the burn, immediately after the burn, and 1 yr after the burn.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Comparison of (a) average stable carbon isotope values and (b) average stable nitrogen isotope values for riparian zone samples gathered on 8 Oct. 2002 and 26 June 2003 at site of runoff from Gondola fire. Error bars indicate standard deviations.