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Plant Availability of Zinc and Copper in Soil after Contamination with Brass Foundry Filter Dust

Effect of Four Years of Aging

Soil Chemistry, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, ETH Zentrum CHN, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Shoot height, shoot dry weight, and total evapotranspiration of barley, pea, and sunflower grown in uncontaminated soil, freshly contaminated soil, and 4 yr contaminated soil. Bars indicate the standard deviation from four replicates (pots). Different labels indicate means that differ significantly from each other (LSD test; p = 0.005).

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Zinc and Cu concentrations in the shoots and roots of barley, pea, and sunflower. Shoot contents are plotted upward, roots contents downward. Where indicated, contents in plants grown in uncontaminated soil were multiplied for better visibility. Bars for shoot contents show the standard deviation from 4 replicates (pots). Root contents were determined from one pot only. Different labels indicate means that differ significantly from each other (LSD test; p = 0.005; on log-transformed data).

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Zinc and Cu concentrations in soil solutions collected after plant growth experiments and corresponding soil pH (in distilled water). Where indicated, concentrations were multiplied for better visibility. Bars show the standard deviation from three replicates (pots). Different labels indicate means that differ significantly from each other (LSD test; p = 0.005; for dissolved Zn and Cu on log-transformed data).

View larger version (46K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Sequentially extracted fractions of Zn and Cu in freshly contaminated and 4 yr contaminated soil before and after the growth of plants (expressed in % of the total extracted amounts). (A) Fractions of Zn extracted in steps F1 through F7. (B) Sum of the fraction of Zn extracted in steps F1 and F2. (C) Fractions of Cu extracted in steps F1 through F7. (D) Sum of the fraction of Cu extracted in steps F1 and F2 and fraction of Cu extracted in step F4. The bars in panels (C) and (D) represent the 95% confidence limits of the means from 4 replicates (duplicate extraction of soil from two pots per treatment).