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Phosphorus Movement and Speciation in a Sandy Soil Profile after Long-Term Animal Manure Applications

^a Dep. of Soil Quality, Wageningen Univ., Wageningen Univ. and Research Centre (WUR), P.O. Box 8005, 6700 EC, Wageningen, the Netherlands
^b Alterra, WUR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
^c AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Concentration of water-extractable P at a soil/solution ratio of 1:60 (v/v) (Pw) with depth in the soil profiles of the control, pig slurry, poultry manure, and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The molar ratio of Pox/[Al+Fe]ox (i.e., plotted against Pw of the soil samples taken from various depths of the control, pig slurry, poultry manure, and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments. The data points represented by the filled symbols (i.e., the samples from the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil layers of the poultry manure and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments) were not included in calculating the Langmuir equation, because of these soil samples exceeded the theoretical maximum of 0.4 to 0.6.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Solution 31P NMR spectra of the redissolved NaOH-EDTA extracts obtained from the soil profile samples of the (A) control treatment and of the (B) poultry manure mixed with litter treatment. S/N denotes the signal/noise ratio.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Concentrations of (A) orthophosphate and (B) orthophosphate monoesters extracted by NaOH-EDTA with depth in the soil profiles of the control, pig slurry, poultry manure, and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments.

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Concentrations of organic P plotted against those of organic C of the soil samples taken from various depths of the control, pig slurry, poultry manure, and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments. The data points represented by the filled symbols (i.e., the samples from the 0- to 5- and 5- to 10-cm soil layers of the poultry manure and poultry manure mixed with litter treatments) were not included in the linear regression analysis. Organic C was calculated as 0.5 x organic matter (Table 1).