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Substrate Organic Matter to Improve Nitrate Removal in Surface-Flow Constructed Wetlands

^a Dep. of Biological and Agric. Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625
^b Dep. of Biological and Agric. Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625
^c RSMT, 3919 Fisher Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS 39180
^d Dep. of Soil Science, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619
^e Dep. of Biological and Agric. Engineering, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7625, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625
^f Dep. of Statistics, North Carolina State Univ., Box 8203, Raleigh, NC 27695-8203

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Wetland site setup.

View larger version (52K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Wetland mesocosm schematic.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Batch 1 (12 Feb. through 6 Mar. 2002) average NO3––N concentrations from the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands. Different letters indicate significant differences in NO3––N treatment at the P = 0.05 level.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Batch 2 (7–22 May 2002) average NO3––N concentrations from the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands. Different letters indicate significant differences in NO3––N treatment at the P = 0.05 level.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Batch 3 (11–26 June 2002) average NO3––N concentrations from the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands. Different letters indicate significant differences in NO3––N treatment at the P = 0.05 level.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Batch 4 (2–24 July 2002) average NO3––N concentrations from the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands. Different letters indicate significant differences in NO3––N treatment at the P = 0.05 level.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Average days required for the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands to remove 90% of the initial NO3––N concentrations in Batch studies 1 through 4. Means noted in the legend exclude Batch 1.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Above-ground Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (a.k.a. Scirpus validus) biomass harvested from the (a) site soil-based wetlands and (b) dredged material-based wetlands. Error bars indicate one standard deviation. Different letters indicate significant differences in production within that year at the P = 0.05 level.