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Published online 27 October 2006
Published in J Environ Qual 35:2293-2301 (2006)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0455
© 2006 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
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Co-composting of Acid Waste Bentonites and their Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Biomass

Wannipa Sodaa,*, Andrew D. Noblea, Shinji Suzukia, Robert Simmonsa, La-ait Sindhusenb and Suwannee Bhuthorndharajb

a International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Southeast Asia Regional Office, c/o WorldFish P.O Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia. S. Suzuki, present address, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Hitsujigaoka Toyohira-ku Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
b Land Development Department (LDD), Chattuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Changes in temperature of the compost pile from ambient air temperature during the composting period of 75 d for the (a) 1:1:1:2 and (b) the acid waste bentonite without any additions of rice husk, rice husk ash, and chicken litter. Acid waste bentonites are soybean ({square}), palm oil ({triangleup}), and rice bran oil ({circ}), respectively.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Relationship between measured CEC and the sum of exchange cations for all treatments at the conclusion of two cropping cycles with maize.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Selective physical properties [(a) and (b), bulk density; (c) and (d), moisture content; (e) and (f), available water content] of soils treated with co-composted and non-co-composted acid waste bentonites. Vertical bars are the LSD0.05 between treatment means.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. The relationship between gravimetric soil moisture content at the permanent wilting point (x) and cation exchangeable capacity (y) of the light-textured sandy soils applied at different ratios of co-composted and non-co-composted acid waste bentonites.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Cumulative dry matter yields for the co-composted acid waste bentonite sources [(a) soybean oil bentonite, (b) palm oil bentonite, (c) rice bran oil bentonite]. Vertical bar is the LSD0.05 between treatment means.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Dry matter production of maize associated with the application of non-co-composted acid waste bentonites at (a) first (time 1) and (b) second (time 2) harvests. Vertical bars are the LSD0.05 between treatment means.

 




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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Journal of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences Education		 Vadose Zone Journal
Soil Science Society of America Journal Journal of Plant Registrations The Plant Genome
Copyright © 2006 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.