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Sewage Sludge Effects on Mesofauna and Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) Leaves Decomposition in a Mediterranean Forest Firebreak

^a Inst. Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et Paléoécologie, Univ. Paul Cézanne, case 441, F-13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
^b Inst. National Polytechnique de Lorraine (ENSAIA), 2 av. de la Forêt de Haye, BP 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-nancy, France
^c Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier cedex 05, France

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Mean abundance (mean of 10 samples ± standard error) of total mesofauna communities: (a) total abundance of mesofauna, (b) Collembola, (c) Oribatida, and (d) Acarina on the fertilized plot (FP) and the control plot (CP). Mann–Whitney test, *: p 0.05, **: p 0.01, and ***: p 0.001.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Evolution of species richness and diversity on the fertilized and control plots during the 18 mo of monitoring. Mann–Whitney test, *: p 0.05, **: p 0.01, and ***: p 0.001.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Principal response curve diagram resulting from the analysis of the mesofauna data set indicating the effect the sludge application on the mesofauna community. Only Collembola species and taxa which had a relative abundance above 5% were used. Of all variance, 61.7% could be attributed to the sampling date displayed on the horizontal axis and 80.7% of all variance could be attributed to treatment; 45.4% of this variance is displayed on the vertical axis. The lines represent the course of the treatment levels in time. The species or taxa weight can be interpreted as the affinity of the taxon with the principal response curves. Monte Carlo test, *: p 0.05, **: p 0.01. Orib, Oribatida; Bpar, Brachystomella parvula; Lcya, Lepidocyrtus cyaneus; Imac, Isotomurus maculates; Acar, Acaridida; Parm, Protaphorura armata; Emul, Entomobrya multifasciata; Gama, Gamasida; Vabe, Vertagopus abeloosi; Espp, Entomobrya sp.; Acti, Actinedida; Or5f, Orchesella quinquefaciata; Llan, Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus; Sele, Sminthurinus elegans; Div, Divers; Pnot, Parisotoma notabilis; Equi, Entomobrya quinquelineata; Sfer, Seira ferrarii.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relative abundance of Collembola, Acari, Oribatida and other arthropods on the fertilized and the control plot during the 18 mo of monitoring.

View larger version (9K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Evolution of mean residual litter mass corrected with ash weight on the fertilized and the control plot (mean of 10 samples ± standard error). Mann–Whitney test, *: p 0.05, **: p 0.01, and ***: p 0.001.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Principal response curve diagram resulting from the analysis of the litter data set indicating the effect the sludge application on the litter chemical composition. Of all variance, 77.8% could be attributed to the sampling date displayed on the horizontal axis. Only 10.6% of all variance could be attributed to treatment; 84.7% of this variance is displayed on the vertical axis. The lines represent the course of the treatment levels in time. The component weight can be interpreted as the affinity of this component with the principal response curves. Monte Carlo test, *: p 0.05, **: p 0.01.