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Published online 27 October 2006
Published in J Environ Qual 35:1983-1993 (2006)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2006.0100
© 2006 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Characterization of Phosphorus Species in Biosolids and Manures Using XANES Spectroscopy

Amy L. Shobera,*, Dean L. Hesterbergb, J. Thomas Simsc and Sheila Gardnerc

a Department of Soil and Water Science, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33594
b Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
c Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. (a) and (b) Phosphorus K-XANES spectra of phosphate standards used in linear combination fitting. Spectra are offset by three absorbance units to allow for comparison of spectral features.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Linear combination fit results for dry dairy manure samples. (a) DM-A; (b) DM-B; (c) DM-C; (d) DM-D; (e) DM-E; (f) DM-F.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Linear combination fit results for (a) normal and (b) alum-treated poultry litter samples.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Linear combination fit results for moist biosolids samples. BPR = biological P removal. (a) B1 (BPR/lime); (b) B2 (lime/A1); (c) B3 (lime/fe); (d) B4 (Fe); (e) B5 (Fe); (f) B6 (digested).

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Linear combination fit results for dried biosolids samples. BPR = biological P removal. (a) B1 (BPR/lime); (b) B2 (lime/A1); (c) B3 (lime/fe); (d) B4 (Fe); (e) B5 (Fe); (f) B6 (digested).

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Relationships between the proportions of total P in operational fractions of a sequential extraction vs. the proportion of total P in different P species determined by XANES linear combination fitting (biosolids and dairy manure samples only): (a) NH4Cl- and NH4F-extractable P vs. Al-hydroxide-bound P (Al-P); (b) NaOH-extractable P vs. ferrihydrite-bound P (Fe-P) and phytic acid (IHP; NPL = normal poultry litter); (c) H2SO4-extractable P vs. hydroxylapatite (HAP) and ß-tricalcium P (TCP); and (d) dithionite–citrate–bicarbonate (DCB)- and H2SO4-extractable P vs. HAP and TCP (APL = alum-treated poultry litter). *, **, and *** Significant at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively.

 




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