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Physicochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Soil–Saprolite Cores from a Field Research Site, Tennessee

^a Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831
^b Faculty of Earth System and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea
^c Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Planning, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Site map of NABIR FRC Site 2 and monitoring wells.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Variation of field measured radioactivity with soil–saprolite pH (mixture with deionized water, 1:1 w/w) and effective cation exchange capacities such as ECEC (Na + K + Mg + Ca + Al) and ECECw/o Ca and (Na + K + Mg + Al).

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Variation of radionuclide, (b) metal, and (c and d) major element concentration levels, which were extracted by oxalate, CBD, and 2 M HNO3 solution.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The averaged ratio of the concentrations of oxalate-extraction to that of CBD-extraction with maximum and minimum values. The unity (dashed line) means that the oxalate- and CBD-extractable concentrations were similar. The minimum value contacting x axis occurred due to the value of BDL and the data of two orders magnitude were excluded.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Composite pH–Eh stability diagram for Fe (total dissolved Fe, 4.59 x 10–5 M) and Mn (total dissolved Mn, 1.89 x 10–4 M)–water systems at 25°C. Square symbols denote conditions of pH and Eh at Area 2, FRC site.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The DXRD patterns of representative bulk samples of (a) 418 cm from the reclaimed soil zone and (b) 778 cm from the saprolite zone. A, anorthite; C, calcite; D, dolomite; Fd, feldspar; Fr, ferrihydrite; G, goethite; H, hydroxy interlayered vermiculite; I, illite; K, kaolinite; M, microcline; Q, quartz; V, vermiculite; *, dioctahedral reflection (0, 2, 11).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. (a) Variation of relative contents of mineral constituents, (b) comparison XRD semiquantification with chemical analysis using XRF.

View larger version (69K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Scanning electron microphotograph and XRD pattern of (a and c) Ca-leaching holes of columnar habits of anorthite and (b and d) clay minerals filling crack of saprolite.