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Distribution of Uranium Contamination in Weathered Fractured Saprolite/Shale and Ground Water

^a Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Planning, Architecture, and Civil Engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, UK
^b Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, USA 37831-6038
^c Faculty of Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757, KR

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location of the cores and wells in areas 1 and 3 at the NABIR FRC site around the S-3 ponds at the Y-12 Plant.

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Stratigraphy, lithology and the hydraulic conductivity of the cores from area 3 at the study site (mbgl = meters below ground level; V, very; Ex, extremely) (hydraulic conductivity expressed as Ki/Kavg where Kavg = 0.0005 cm s–1).

View larger version (161K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Photomicrographs of the weathered core material from areas 1 and 3 at the study site. a) Differential weathering of the interbedded shale and sandstone at 4.9 m from FWB24 in area 3 (Note shale is showing greater weathering compared with sandstone). b) Shale from zone 5 of FWB100 at 12 m showing calcite veins. c) Iron-rich sandstone from zone 5 of FWB100 at 12 m. d) Clayey zone from FWB21 from area 1 at 5.8 m. e) Highly weathered saprolite showing Fe oxides and clay adjacent to the clayey zone in (D) at 5.9 m.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Stratigraphy and lithology of the cores from area 1 at the study site (mbgl = meters below ground level).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Distribution of pH, U (IV), NO3–, SO42–, Fe, Al, and Mn in ground water with depth in multilevel well FW101.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The relationship between U (IV) and Al over a pH range of 3 to 7 in ground water from FW100.

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. X-ray diffractograms of clay fractions from a) FWB 19 at 2.5 to 2.6 m, the vadose zone, b) FWB 19 at 5.3 to 5.4 m, c) FWB 21 at 5.7 to 5.8 m, and d) FWB24 at 6.7 m in the saturated zone (HIV, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite; I, illite; K, kaolinite; Q, quartz).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. X-ray diffractograms of the finely ground whole saprolite material from a) FWB24, and b) FWB19 (HIV, hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite; I, illite; K, kaolinite; G, goethite; Q, quartz; V, vermiculite).

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Contouring of the distribution of the UNA in the geological material in area 3. Note that the greatest amount of UNA occurs in stratigraphic zone 5. The thin horizontal zones of UNA concentrations show how UNA is controlled by the lithological units.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Isotherms of U adsorption on geological material from boreholes FWB100 and 101 (I = 0.015 using 5 mM CaCl2).

View larger version (82K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Generalized diagram of the flow of the contaminants along the strike and dip of the saprolite and bedrock bedding planes at the NABIR-FRC site.