HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (9) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ingwersen, J. Articles by Streck, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ingwersen, J. Articles by Streck, T. Agricola Articles by Ingwersen, J. Articles by Streck, T. Related Collections Municipal Wastes Spatial Variability Upscaling Solute Transport Models Heavy Metals

Modeling the Environmental Fate of Cadmium in a Large Wastewater Irrigation Area

Univ. of Hohenheim, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics Section, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Sketch of the wastewater irrigation area (WIA) of Braunschweig, most important installations, and sampling sites.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Experimental and fitted semivariograms of (A) soil pH in 0.9 to 1.0 m layers (exponential model: sill = 0.365, range = 937 m), (B) organic carbon content in Ap horizons (spherical model: nugget = 0.053, partial sill = 0.154, range = 2192 m), and (C) Cd loads (exponential model: nugget = 0.145 mg2 m–2, partial sill = 0.219 mg2 m–2, range = 429 m). Organic carbon contents (% by mass) and Cd loads were log-transformed before analysis.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Histograms of soil pH in (A) Ap horizons and (B) 0.9–1.0 m layers. The curves are fitted normal distributions.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Reconstructed cadmium input to the districts of the wastewater irrigation area of Braunschweig.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Observed and simulated average Cd concentration profiles at non-Rigosol sites. (A) solution phase concentrations and (B) EDTA–extractable content.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Cadmium concentrations at non-Rigosol sites after up to 40 yr of wastewater irrigation. (A) All data and (B, C) two selected profiles.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Observed and simulated average Cd concentration profiles of Rigosols. (A) solution phase concentrations and (B) EDTA–extractable content.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Simulated regionally-averaged solution phase concentrations and EDTA–extractable Cd contents in 1996 and 2046. From 1996 to 2046, Cd load was kept at the level of 1996. Simulations were performed with the MC 2 approach.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Predicted average Cd concentrations in seepage water at the depth of water table. From 1996 to 2246, Cd load was kept at the level of 1996. Simulations were performed with the MC 2 approach.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Cadmium content in wheat grain for Scenario 2 and a hindcast simulation. Scenario 2 assumes that Cd loads were not reduced in the mid 1980s. In the hindcast simulation the reconstructed ("real") Cd input history was used.