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Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in Turfgrass

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Rates and Types

Dep. of Horticulture, Forestry & Recreation Resources, 2021 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Simplified conceptual model illustrating the effect of fertilization and irrigation or precipitation on N2O emissions from the soil.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Fluxes of N (N2O-N) from perennial ryegrass in the fall of 2003. Vertical dashed lines represent N-fertilization date. Symbols (x) along the abscissa indicate significant differences between at least 2 treatments (P < 0.05).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (A) Fluxes of N2O-N from perennial ryegrass; (B) average soil temperature at 5 cm among plots and air temperature at 2 m; and (C) average soil water filled porosity (WFP) at 5 cm among plots from late October 2003 to mid April 2004, Day of Year (DOY) 301, 2003 to DOY 111, 2004. Data for WFP are presented as daily and soil and air temperatures as 7-d averages. Vertical dashed lines represent fertilization dates. Symbols (x) along the abscissa in (A) indicate significant differences between at least 2 treatments (P < 0.05) and plus (+) indicate significant differences between one and the other 2 treatments.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Fluxes of N2O-N from perennial ryegrass; (B) average soil temperature at 5 cm among plots and air temperature at 2 m; and (C) average soil water filled porosity (WFP) at 5 cm among plots. Daily averages are presented for WFP and 7-d averages for soil and air temperatures. Vertical dashed lines represent fertilization dates. Symbols plus (+) along the abscissa in (A) indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) between one and the other 2 treatments.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Cumulative fluxes of N2O-N from plots treated with high rates of urea (UH), low rates of urea (UL), and high rates of ammonium sulfate (AS). Vertical dashed lines represent fertilization dates.