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Poultry Litter Application to Loblolly Pine Forests

Growth and Nutrient Containment

^a USDA Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 410 MacInnes Drive, Houghton, MI 49931
^b Department of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Box 9681, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9681
^c Department of Forest Engineering, 267 Peavy Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-5706
^d Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, P.O. Drawer MA, Mailstop 9715, Mississippi State, MS 39762

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Concurrence of poultry production and the distribution of southern pine forests, by county. Light and dark shading indicate low and high concurrence, respectively, for the presence of southern pine forest land and the abundance of chickens in birds ha–1. For details see Materials and Methods.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Poultry litter treatment effects on soil solution concentrations from suction lysimeters installed at a 50-cm depth in each plot. Means are shown by sampling date for (a) ammonium, NH4–N, (b) nitrate, NO3–N, (c) potassium, K, (d) calcium, Ca, (e) magnesium, Mg, and (f) sulfate, SO4–S. Similar letters (or no letters) among the three treatments indicate no significant treatment effects according to Tukey's test ( = 0.05).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Poultry litter treatment effects on soil KCl extractable NO3 from the (a) 0- to 8-cm depth (excluding O horizon) and (b) 8- to 24-cm depth presented as micrograms of N per gram of soil. Plotted are treatment means for each sampling date. Similar letters (or no letters) among the three treatments indicate no significant treatment effect at that date according to Tukey's test ( = 0.05).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Soil Mehlich III–extractable PO4–P from the (a) 0- to 8-cm depth (excluding O horizon) and (b) 8- to 24-cm depth presented as micrograms of P per gram of soil. Plotted are treatment means for each sampling date. Similar letters (or no letters) among the three treatments indicate no significant treatment effect at that date according to Tukey's test ( = 0.05).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Nitrogen and phosphorus content of forest floor (O horizon) collected from plots treated with poultry litter. Plotted are the treatment mean values during the first five growing seasons after application. Similar letters (or no letters) among the three treatments indicate no significant treatment effect at that date according to Tukey's test ( = 0.05). Error bars indicate ± one standard error of the mean.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Total basal area (cross-sectional area of all trees) of loblolly pine from plots treated with poultry litter. Plotted are the mean values, by treatment, following the first five growing seasons after litter application. Similar letters (or no letters) among the three treatments indicate no significant treatment effects according to Tukey's test ( = 0.05). Error bars indicate ± one standard error of the mean.