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Published online 2 February 2006
Published in J Environ Qual 35:516-521 (2006)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2004.0443
© 2006 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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A Method for Measuring Low-Weight Carboxylic Acids from Biosolid Compost

Marina Himanena,*, Kyösti Latva-Kalab, Merja Itävaarab and Kari Hänninena

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9, 40500 Finland
VTT Biotechnology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Typical gas chromatography profile of 3-mo-old compost sample extracted at basic pH and derivatized with methanol at low pH. Peaks of methyl esters of formic (1), acetic (2), propionic (3), iso-butyric (4), butyric (5), valeric (6), caproic (7), enanthoic (8), caprylic (9), pelargonic (10), and capric (11) acids are sharp, symmetric, and quantifiable.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Linear response of low-weight carboxylic acids (LWCA) standard solutions to increasing acid concentrations. The most sensitive and easiest for identification is iso-butyric acid, while the most difficult is acetic acid.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Concentrations of formic and acetic acids analyzed by the external calibration and standard addition methods in 3- and 6-mo-old compost samples (mean ± SD; for external calibration n = 14, for standard addition n = 4). Amounts of acids analyzed by the standard addition method are significantly higher than by the external calibration method (** indicates significance at the 0.01 probability level), especially in 6-mo-old compost, where the difference is three to four times.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Concentrations of propionic, butyric, and iso-butyric acids analyzed by the external calibration and standard addition methods in 3- and 6-mo-old compost samples (mean ± SD; for external calibration n = 14, for standard addition n = 4). Amounts of acids analyzed by the standard addition method are significantly higher than by the external calibration method (* indicates significance at the 0.05 probability level, ** significance at the 0.01 probability level). Only for butyric acid is the difference not significant.

 




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