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Impact of Land Disturbance on the Fate of Arsenical Pesticides

^a Dep. of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
^b Dep. of Biology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic map of field site. Field boundaries are approximate. Circles indicate locations of sample sets (three pits each, one in interspace, one at canopy dripline, and one under canopy), individual soil pits, and drainage samples.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Metal concentrations vs. depth in the three fields. Curves for the canopies are the average concentrations measured directly underneath the canopy and at the edge of the canopy dripline. Curves for the tilled field are an average from the two sampling pits. Average errors from replicate samples are ±1 mg kg–1 As and ±2 mg kg–1 Pb (error bars are smaller than symbols).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Variation in As (bold line) and 137Cs concentrations in channels below untilled and tilled fields. Error bars indicate average errors from replicate samples.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Excess mass of As and Pb as a function of distance downstream in the ephemeral channel draining the tilled field. Error bars indicate average errors determined from replicate samples.

View larger version (65K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrograph of a representative soil aggregate collected at the distal end of the stream channel. The aggregate composition was determined using elemental dispersive spectroscopy, which is able to measure elements heavier than oxygen. The sample was prepared by C coating.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Estimated depths of soil erosion as determined by masses of As and Pb missing in the tilled field, measured in the down gradient drainage, and by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE).