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Mapping Residual Pyrite after a Mine Spill Using Non Co-Located Spatiotemporal Observations

^a CIFA "Las Torres-Tomejil", I.F.A.P.A.-C.I.C.E. (Junta de Andalucía), Ctra. Sevilla-Cazalla, km 12,2, 41200 Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
^b CIFA "Alameda del Obispo", I.F.A.P.A.-C.I.C.E. (Junta de Andalucía), 14080 Córdoba, Spain
^c Dep. of Agronomy, University of Córdoba, Avda. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain

View larger version (64K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location of the Iberian pyrite belt within Andalusia, Spain, and of the study zone in the province of Seville. The ortho-photograph gives a detailed view of the meander and the monitoring site along the Guadiamar River during the cleanup activities in July 1998.

View larger version (78K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Location of the 503 sampling points within the monitoring site depicted in Fig. 1, according to the sampling date. The background gray-scale map represents local relative topography.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Histograms of pH and EDTA-extractable Cu, before and after the sugar beet foam application in February 2000.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Circles of correlation, showing the configuration of elevation (elev); normal score (ns) pH; ns soil oxidizable fraction (SOF); and ns EDTA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu, in the plane defined by the first two principal components (PC): (a) without rotation and (b) after Varimax rotation.

View larger version (130K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sample variogram surfaces for normal score (ns) pH; ns soil oxidizable fraction (SOF); ns EDTA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu; and elevation, elev.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Directional and omnidirectional sample variograms, with their respective fitted models for normal score (ns) pH; ns soil oxidizable fraction (SOF); and ns EDTA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu. The fitted parameters are represented in Table 3.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Omnidirectional sample cross-variograms and codispersion functions for the pooled normal score (ns)–transformed chemical properties: pH; EDTA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu; soil oxidizable fraction (SOF); and elevation (elev).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Performance of three interpolation methods based on the kriging algorithm for the interpolation of normal score (ns)–transformed soil chemical properties. OKi, ordinary kriging with an isotropic variogram model; OKa, OK with an anisotropic variogram model; and SKlm, simple kriging with local varying means.

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Block kriged normal score maps for pH; soil oxidizable fraction (SOF); and EDTA-extractable Fe, Zn, and Cu. Block dimensions are 2.5 x 2.5 m.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Classified normal score pH map for September 1999, according to a threshold value of pH = 4.