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Phosphorus, Sediment, and Escherichia coli Loads in Unfenced Streams of the Georgia Piedmont, USA

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
^b Present address: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Elkins, WV 26241
^c USDA-ARS, JPCS NRCC, 1420 Experiment Station Rd., Watkinsville, GA 30677
^d Dep. of Animal and Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
^e Federal Bldg., 355 East Hancock Ave., Athens, GA 30601
^f Central Research and Education Center, 1508 Godfrey Rd. NW, Eatonton, GA 31024

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Map of pastures G5G6 and G8G9 showing tree-shaded areas, riparian areas, fences, watering troughs, and water quality sampling stations. Riparian areas are defined as 12-m buffers centered on the stream. Tree-shade is defined as the circumference of the crown plus a 6-m buffer extending from the outer edge of the crown.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Storm events (indicated by circles) and condition of water troughs (A, available; NA, not available) in pastures G5G6 and G8G9 from 1 Mar. 2001 to 15 Aug. 2003.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Boxplots of storm flow and storm flow loads of DRP, TP, and TSS in G5G6 and G8G9 (means indicated by dashed lines; p indicates probability of type I error for signed-rank statistic to test whether median of load differences between pastures is significantly different from zero).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Percentage of daily time spent by cattle in the riparian area and in nonriparian shade of pastures G5G6 and G8G9 in 2001 (bars are standard errors; asterisks indicate significant differences between pastures at p = 0.05).

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effect of water trough availability on base flow loads of DRP, TP, TSS, and E. coli in pasture G5G6 (means indicated by dashed lines; p indicates probability of a larger chi2 for testing differences between loads with and without water trough with the Kruskal-Wallis test).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Effect of water trough availability on the percentage of daily time spent by cattle in the riparian area of pasture G5G6 (means indicated by dashed lines; p indicates probability of type I error for testing differences between means).