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Using Gypsum to Reduce Phosphorus in Runoff from Subcatchments in South Australia

^a CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
^b School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia

View larger version (81K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Location of the eastern and the western subcatchments used in this study relative to the Mt. Bold public water supply reservoir. The eastern subcatchment (G15) was treated with 15 Mg ha–1 gypsum and the western subcatchment (G0) was untreated.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Instrumentation in the subcatchments (full details of instrumentation are in Stevens et al., 1999).

View larger version (109K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Photograph of the G15 gypsum-treated profile (left) and the G0 untreated profile (4 yr after treatment).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Distribution of P and S after nitric perchloric acid digestion and using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Distribution with depth from soil cores collected throughout the subcatchments for HCO3–extractable P (1), NaOH-extractable P (2), sonicated NaOH-extractable P (3), and HCl-extractable P (4).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Typical changes in extractable phosphorus (EP), total phosphorus (TP), and residual phosphorus (RP) from soil cores collected in both subcatchments.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Rainfall, overland flow, and A–B and B–C interflow from 1996 to 1999 from G0 and G15 (soils treated with 0 and approximately 15 Mg ha–1 of gypsum, respectively). Gypsum was applied to G15 on 1 June 1998.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Flow paths for G0 and G15 (soils treated with 0 and approximately 15 Mg ha–1 of gypsum, respectively) from 1996 to 1999. Rainfall was 145, 542, 284, and 345 mm for the period of monitoring each year.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Average monthly runoff chemistry of overland flow, and B–C interflow from G0 and G15 (soils treated with 0 and approximately 15 Mg ha–1 of gypsum, respectively) in 1996.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Average dissolved P and total P in overland flow and B–C interflow from G0 and G15 (soils treated with 0 and approximately 15 Mg ha–1 of gypsum, respectively) from 1996 to 1999.