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Field-Scale Evaluation of Phosphorus Leaching in Acid Sandy Soils Receiving Swine Waste

^a USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 N. 3600 E., Kimberly, ID 83341-5076
^b Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Box 7625, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625
^c Department of Soil Science, Box 7619, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7619

View larger version (86K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Location of pits where soil solution samplers were installed in Autryville and Blanton soils on a 20-yr-old swine farm in Sampson County, NC, and (b) schematic of soil solution samplers as installed at each site in Fig. 1a (time-domain reflectometry [TDR] probes were only installed at Blanton Site I and Autryville Site II).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Mehlich 3–extractable phosphorus (M3-P) and water-extractable phosphorus (Pw) concentrations with depth in the Autryville and Blanton soils (95% confidence limits [CL] represent ±43 and ±3 mg kg–1 M3-P and Pw, respectively) and (b) total phosphorus (TP) and oxalate-extractable phosphorus (Pox) concentrations with depth in the Autryville and Blanton soils (95% confidence limits [CL] represent ±74 and ±56 mg kg–1 TP and Pox, respectively).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. (a) Oxalate-extractable aluminum (Alox) and iron (Feox) and (b) degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) with depth in the Autryville and Blanton soils (95% confidence limits [CL] represent ±88 and ±30 mg kg–1 Alox and Feox, respectively, and ±8% DPS).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Monthly precipitation and irrigation during the study compared to the 30-yr average precipitation.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations in soil solution collected at (a) 45 cm in the Autryville soil and at 45 and 90 cm in the Blanton soil and (b) 90 and 135 cm in the Autryville soil and at 135 cm in the Blanton soil.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations in soil solution at 45 cm in the Autryville soil with corresponding drainage rates from the overlying soil layer (0–20 cm; bars) and waste applications.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between the (a) average soil solution dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentration and soil degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) and (b) water-extractable phosphorus (Pw) concentration and DPS for Autryville and Blanton soils fit with corresponding split-line models.