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Transformation of Benzothiazole in Estuarine Sediments

^a Laboratory for Ecological Chemistry, CBS Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
^b Department of Chemistry, University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA 71209

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Structure and selected chemical properties of benzothiazole (BT). Footnotes: 1. Leo et al. (1971). 2. Calculated using MOPAC 6.0. Units are cubic angstroms. 3. Estimated pKa at N3 (Perrin, 1972; Perrin et al., 1981).

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic diagrams of the controlled Eh/pH microcosms (CEPMs, top) and tide simulation mesocosms (TSMs, bottom) used in the current study. Top: (1) gas (air nitrogen) inlet; (2) Pt working electrode (two per CEMP); (3) saturated calomel reference electrode; (4) Agar/KCl salt bridge; (5) thermometer; (6) solid and liquid phase volatile organic traps; (7) combination pH electrode; (8) Teflon stir bar. Bottom: (1) light banks with timers; (2) plants; (3) sediment; (4) agricultural mesh and burlap; (5) oyster shells; (6) pumps; (7) cobble stones; (8) reservoirs; (9) simulated tide range; (10) 300-gallon enclosure; (11) data loggers; (12) shielded wire lead bundles; (13) data output to computer (BNC).

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Benzothiazole transformation profiles in the continuously stirred controlled Eh/pH microcosms (CEPMs) for Sediments I–III under oxidized and reduced conditions.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Benzothiazole transformation profiles in the unstirred controlled Eh/pH microcosms (CEPMs) for Sediments I–III under oxidized and reduced conditions.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Benzothiazole transformation profiles in the tide simulation mesocosms (TSMs) under drained (oxidized), flooded (reduced), and tidal (pulsed) conditions by isotopic dilution mass spectrometry.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Chemical structures for selected benzothiazole (BT) transformation products found in sediment extracts in both live treatments and killed controls.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Total ion chromatogram of benzothiazole (BT) and several BT transformation products.