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Temporal Variability in Physical Speciation of Metals during a Winter Rain-on-Snow Event

^a Yale School of the Environment, Yale Univ., New Haven, CT 06520
^b Current address: National Risk Management Research Lab., USEPA, Cincinnati, OH 45268

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in water-quality parameters and depth for the (a) urban and (b) headwaters locations. Complete datasets for YSI 6920 dataloggers include depth, conductivity, temperature, pH, and turbidity; pH is excluded for simplicity of presentation. Precipitation is presented along the top of the graph (maximum value is 6.4 mm h–1) and was interpolated (both timing and intensity) from Hartford, CT, and Danbury, CT, weather stations.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in (a) anions and (b) base cation concentrations, compared with conductivity, during the March storm event at the Torrington location (urban). Data shown for 0.45-µm filtrate.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in (a) anions and (b) base cation concentrations, compared with conductivity, during the March storm event at the East Branch location (headwaters). Data shown for 0.45-µm filtrate.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in total recoverable (a) trace and (b) heavy metal concentration compared with changes in turbidity for the March storm on the Naugatuck River below Torrington, CT.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Changes in total recoverable (a) trace and (b) heavy metal concentrations compared with turbidity, for the East Branch above Torrington, CT.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Changes in (a) trace and (b) heavy metals found in the <0.45-µm filtrate compared with depth for the March storm on the Naugatuck River below Torrington, CT.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Changes in the size distribution of particles associated with selected trace metals for the Naugatuck River, below Torrington, CT. Total recoverable metal concentration is shown for comparison, and boxes indicate samples chosen for detailed size distribution analysis.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Changes in the size distribution of particles associated with selected trace metals for the East Branch, above Torrington, CT. Total recoverable metal concentration is shown for comparison, and boxes indicate samples chosen for detailed size distribution analysis.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Changes in the size distribution of particles associated with selected heavy metals for the Naugatuck River, below Torrington, CT. Total recoverable metal concentration is shown for comparison, and boxes indicate samples chosen for detailed size distribution analysis.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Changes in the size distribution of particles associated with (a) OC and (b) OC concentration vs. time for the March storm on the Naugatuck River below Torrington, CT. (a) Size distribution graph contains two colloid fractions and a truly dissolved fraction, except for the final point. (b) Concentration graph shows data for total OC, 0.45-µm filtrate, and 0.1-µm filtrate, and indicates points chosen for size distribution analysis.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Size distribution for the <1.0-µm fraction (colloids and dissolved species) for organic carbon (OC) and trace and heavy metals. Graph compares pre-event baseflow and first runoff peak stormflow distributions for the March storm on the Naugatuck River below Torrington, CT. Note: 00 and 06 in axis labels refer to the sample number in the storm sequence.