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The Effect of Flow Path and Mixing Layer on Phosphorus Release

Physical Mechanisms and Temperature Effects

^a BLUE: Land, Water, Infrastructure, 1271 Old Highway #1 South, Southern Pines, NC 28387
^b Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2060

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic showing the mixing layer and possible water flow paths through the soil-water system.

View larger version (121K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Top view of flume design showing feeding ports, sampling ports, and dimensions. Ib, inflow port at the bottom of the flume; It, inflow port at the top of the flume; Ob, outflow port at the bottom of the flume; Ot, outflow port at the top of the flume.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Phosphorus desorption cycles for tap, distilled, and rain water following procedures described by Oloya and Logan (1980). SRP, soluble reactive phosphorus.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Flume showing the inlet and outlet ports to manipulate the different flow paths that occur in the soil, rainfall simulator, and soil redox potential (Eh) and pH electrodes. Ib, inflow port at the bottom of the flume; It, inflow port at the top of the flume; Ob, outflow port at the bottom of the flume; Ot, outflow port at the top of the flume.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Effluent concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) versus time showing the sequence of water flow paths in Flumes 1 and 2. Experiments at (a) 6°C and (b) 25°C. During flow stabilization periods, flow was set to inflow port at the top of the flume to outflow port at the top of the flume (It Ot). Single dashed lines indicate beginning of new flow path configuration. Hashed lines indicate small flow stabilization period during installation or removal of rainfall simulator. Open symbols are averages of two observations, indicated by small vertical or horizontal lines.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Weighted soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations per flow path configuration in Flumes 1 and 2. Experiments at (a) 6°C and (b) 25°C. Ib, inflow port at the bottom of the flume; It, inflow port at the top of the flume; Ob, outflow port at the bottom of the flume; Ot, outflow port at the top of the flume; RM, water input from rainfall simulator. Diagonal lines for Flume 2; vertical for Flume 1.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Two-stage decay process of the logarithm of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) at 25°C during (a) It Ot flow path configuration and (b) Ib Ot flow path configuration. Ib, inflow port at the bottom of the flume; It, inflow port at the top of the flume; Ot, outflow port at the top of the flume.