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White Spruce Response to Co-Composted Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Drilling Waste

Effects of Compost Age and Nitrogen Fertilization

^a Department of Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering and Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
^b Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3
^c Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Cumulative CO2 production in co-composted drilling wastes in a pot experiment using 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-yr-old composts. Error bars are standard errors of the means (n = 3). At the end of incubation, cumulative CO2 production was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by compost age and N fertilization.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Total 15N recovery expressed as a percentage of added 15N in plant, growth media, and those that were unaccounted for. Error bars are standard errors of the means (n = 4). The same lowercase letters in the same N pool indicate statistically nonsignificant differences (P > 0.05). Compost age significantly (P < 0.05) affected 15N recovery in growth media and total recovery but not in plant (P = 0.056). Treatment codes indicate different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 yr old) of compost without N addition (1YN0, 2YN0, 3YN0, and 4YN0, respectively) or with N addition (1YN1, 2YN1, 3YN1, and 4YN1, respectively), and soil represents the soil-based growth media.

View larger version (50K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Foliar 13C of seedlings grown for 18 wk in co-composted drilling wastes or in soil growth media. Error bars are standard errors of the means (n = 4). The same lowercase letters indicate statistically nonsignificant differences (P > 0.05). Foliar 13C was significantly affected by compost age and N fertilization (P < 0.01). Treatment codes indicate different ages (1, 2, 3, and 4 yr old) of compost without N addition (1YN0, 2YN0, 3YN0, and 4YN0, respectively) or with N addition (1YN1, 2YN1, 3YN1, and 4YN1, respectively), and soil represents the soil-based growth media.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Correlation between foliar 13C and foliar N concentration of seedlings grown for 18 weeks in co-composted drilling wastes (n = 32).