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Quantification of Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency along a Moisture Gradient in Northeastern China

^a Laboratory of Quantitative Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
^b Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
^c Institute for Geospatial Research and Education, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Corrected intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUEs) for C3 (small dots) and C4 (large dots) species at degraded (filled dots) and nondegraded (open dots) sites in different vegetation types along the mean annual rainfall (mm) gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT). Photosynthetic pathway effect on IWUEs was detected by ANOVA (p < 0.001). Vegetation type, degradation status, and mean site annual rainfall all significantly affected IWUEs (p < 0.01 for each).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean corrected intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUEs) (+1 SE) averaged across C3 (filled bars) or C4 (open bars) or all species (bars with shadow) at a site, and mean IWUEs (+1 SE) averaged across species in different vegetation type–degradation status combinations. Site information is in Table 1. Paired t tests indicated that mean site IWUEs for C4 species was significantly higher than that for C3 species at the given site (p < 0.01). Open dots denote the mean IWUEs for all species in nondegraded sites within a specific vegetation type, while filled dots indicate the mean IWUEs for species in degraded sites.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between site intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUEv) and the frequency of C4 species at a site, and IWUEv along the mean annual rainfall (mm) gradient of the Northeast China Transect (NECT). The IWUEv values for degraded sites are denoted as filled dots; nondegraded sites are open dots.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean site intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUEv) (+1 SE) and mean frequency of C4 species (+1 SE) averaged across sites in different vegetation type–degradation status combinations. Open dots denote the mean of nondegraded sites within a specific vegetation type; filled dots denote degraded sites within a vegetation type.