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Decrease in Water-Soluble 17ß-Estradiol and Testosterone in Composted Poultry Manure with Time

^a USDA-ARS, Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, ND 58105
^b USDA-ARS, Soil Microbial Systems Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Average temperature (°C) of composting chicken layer manure windrows during the first 116 d of composting for the (A) normal and (B) clay-amended windrows. Means represent three measurements taken from two windrow core regions and one windrow end region.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Average CO2 and O2 concentrations (as a percent of total gaseous concentration) from a normal composting chicken layer manure windrow. Means represent three measurements each taken from two windrow core regions and one windrow end region.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The average of the natural logarithm (ln) of measured concentration of water-extractable 17ß-estradiol in (A) normal and (B) clay-amended windrows with time during chicken layer manure composting. The decrease in 17ß-estradiol was modeled with a first-order with time expression (Eq. [2]) to yield the degradation rate constants, k.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The average of the natural logarithm (ln) of measured concentration of water-extractable testosterone in (A) normal and (B) clay-amended windrows with time during chicken layer manure compost. The decrease in testosterone was modeled with a first-order with time expression (Eq. [2]) to yield the degradation rate constants, k.

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Chemical structures of 17ß-estradiol, estrone, and testosterone. 17ß-Estradiol and testosterone are excreted in chicken layer manure, and estrone is a prominent metabolite of 17ß-estradiol.